系动词用法.docx
18页系动词用法系动词,亦称连系动词(Link Verb)作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语,亦 称补语(形容词),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况\ been doing -I stiaH. ^wld, sliotild-i 埔誉驾詞:may. cau. niu引 jfljghL ct>uld.例如:He felt ill yesterday. 他昨天病了feel是系动词,后跟补语,说明主语情况关于连系动词后接不定式 连系动词be (am,is,are)后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语:1) .My dream is to be a scientist.我的梦想是当一名科学家2) .All you have to do is to listen.你只需要听seem, appear, prove, turn out, grow等连系动词后也可接不定式(尤其是to be)短语作表语:1) .The man seemed to be ill.这个人好像病了2) .The plan proved to be useful.这个计划证明是有用的3) .He appears to know this.他好像知道这一点。
4) .The weather turned out to be fine.天气结果很好5) .He has grow n to like studyi ng En glish .他渐渐喜欢学英语了若所接不定式为to be,通常可以省略be■ ound, smell, feel, taste, become等连系动词后通常不能接不定式:(也可以理解为用主动表被动)误:These oranges taste to be good.(应去掉 to be)误:The roses smell to be nice.(应去掉 to be)连系动词look后有时也可接to be,但以省略to be为多I折叠分类状态可用来表示主语性质或状态,只有be 一词,例如:He is a teacher.他是一名教师表示主语的身份 性质)He is ill.他病了表示主语的状态)持续用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand,例如:He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。
表像用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look,例如:He looks so tired.他看起来很累He seems (to be) very sad.他看起来很伤心感官感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sou nd, taste, look例如:This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软This flower smells very sweet.这朵花闻起来很香变化这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, tur n, fall, get, go, come, r un, be.例如:He became mad after that.自那之后,他疯了She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了终止表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out,表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了 °(turn out表终止性结果)英语系动词的功能主要是把表语(名词、形容词、某些副词、非谓词、介词短语、从句)和它的主语联系在一起, 说明主语的属性、特征或状态。
它有自己的但不完全的词义,不能在句中独立作谓语,必须和后面的表语一起构成句 子的谓语它虽是虚词,但是其用法是复杂的,而且不可忽视许多英语初学者会因此出现这样那样的错误,然而许 多语法书却没作专门系统的介绍因此,我们有必要小结一下英语系动词用法,以便大家参考我想从以下四个方面 归纳一下英语系动词的用法:I、常见系动词错误及其成因;II、系动词分类;山、系动词用法应注意的8个问题;IV、 系动词与高考及其练习小结(1)状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be 一词,例如:He is a teacher.他是一名教师is与补足语一起 说明主语的身份2)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand,例如:He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一个 谜3)表像系动词用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look,例如:He looks tired.他看起来 很累He seems (to be) very sad .他看起来很伤心。
4)感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sou nd, taste,例 如:This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软This flower smells very sweet.这朵花闻起来很香5) 变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如: He became mad after that.自那之后,他疯了She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了 (6)终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out,表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:The rumor proved false.这 谣言证实有假The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了turn out表终止性结果)系动词Linking verbs从以下五亍方面学习系动词:•概念•系动词的分类〔镂)•考试重点〔3点)•三组易混系动词的区别•高考题例讲解•系动词定义:系动词亦称连系动词(LinkingVerb),作为系动词,它本身有词殳, 但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表 语,构成主系表结构说明主语的状况、 性质、特征等情况"即:修怖的是主 语。
•系动词的分类(需记忆) 可分为6大类门曲系銅2)礎系銅3 ) JS官系銅4) 題系aa5) 3Ht^3ji36) 终临銅"舷系asbe (表明主语状态)-主晋系傲 结构MS1:① He is a teacher.@ You are correct.@ Mv dream is to be a scientist. 我的梦想是当一名科学家2)锵酥动词表示主语延蜒或春挣一种状况或态度.后按表 状捲的形容诃,这类策动诃主SWkeep, remain, stay, rest, lie, stand,伊L① He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时氢■保挣沆既-② Doing exercise can keep healthy. 锻炼可保恃傩康-©This matter rests a my st ay.此事仍足一牛锻-3)感官系动词表示 Ji..体感百訪能的=yiij]feel .sound .taste, srnell 案 这粪动呵m上羽容回后,表示人或事物的特 征•.性.质或状志*即」就呈壺语播:盒】・例见」ffi-This kind of cloth feets very soft.这种•布手感很较・©The soup ta:5tes delicious.这诵味道不轄.©This flower smells very sweet.这釆•花闻起来1艮香・4)題系as壺示;“看起来擁"这一播念|主要足三>牛词」Imk, appear, s已已m,© He looks tired.来很S.②He seems angry .他好憐生汽T@ He seerns ('to be') vsy sad.他看起来根柳心.@ Doni make him appear a fool.别把他弄再瞬i唯子狈•的.5)吏化系动词*送也皋期词克•〒主诵螯战计氐岸,姿忆皋纳词圭艮肖 匕已come, qrou.i, turn, fall, get, qo, com已,njn.*送蛍型词用]上矗專词虹矗矗洞H加井洞启.姦•示•專勃 扯厲矗状去■>■飙色的曬优用tuE取go©h is becoming much more expensive to trz'/el abroad. 斑在出田席石前i黄用娈甘了・©You can grou.i i.uise by practice.広践•含 cHi'卩筮酣明・@Ttie old man is going blind ..那总老丿,..快翌決明了.町终止系动词表示主固已烫止动作,主要有prove, turn out,表达征赛.变磁之愈,例如:① The rumor proved false. 这話f证需有■假.©The search proved difficult. 披査证穽很堆-•考试重点(3点)1 •呆型词不用千嚴型谒玄,因比辛用主期袁般型. 別抽:© — Do you like the material?—Yes, t feels very soft@ Ttie dish smells delicious.@ That sounds like a good idea.上庭皋射洞启面确克再即诚异中.其申一旋.异足用密 词或井词怕姦谒憔击主谒.R1]汗是馴词.駅畑:iZ;1 Put the fish in th已 fridq已 or t i.uill go bad in hot i.i.iesther.® TTie book Imy 叩已「i on the des^:.@ She sphitis right.© Leaves turn grepn in spring.® She grei.i.i rich i.urthin a short time.(2:・ThE search prouHd d iff cult.I折叠注意事项系动词本身有一定的词义,不能单独作谓语,后面必须与表语连用。
复习系动词时,必须注意以下几个问题:1. be是最重要的系动词,主语不同,be的形式也不同,且有时态的变化通常表示主语的特征、状态和身份等,后面接形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、v-ing、过去分词及表语 从句作表语特别要注意“由be+过去分词”所构成的系表结构与“由be+过去分词”所构成的被动语态的区别前者侧重于表示主语的特征或所处的状态,通常没有由by引导的介词短语如: The door was close。





