无线传感器网络移动sinks路由算法研究.pdf

无线传感器网络移动无线传感器网络移动 sinks 路由算法研究路由算法研究 Research on Routing of WSNs for Mobile Sinks 作 者 姓名 车 辉 学 位 类型 学 历 硕 士 学科、专业 计算机软件与理论 研 究 方向 信息安全与技术 导师及职称 郑淑丽 副教授 2013 年 4 月 无线传感器网络移动 sinks 路由算法研究 摘 要 传统无线传感器网络中的 sink 是静态的，这使得距离 sink 较近的节点由于要承担大量的数据转发工作，能量消耗较快由于传感器节点通常部署在环境恶劣的区域，且节点使用电池供电的方式，这使得对 WSNs 中能量耗尽的节点充电变得非常困难，从而导致整个网络的过早死亡移动 sink 由于可以在网络中向数据源节点移动，缩短数据转发的距离，从而节省了大量的网络能量，延长网络的寿命，因此近年来人们开始研究移动 sink 路由，并提出了多种算法 基于地理位置的路由算法由于不使用全局的拓扑结构，且具有高效、简便和可扩展性强的优点，成为了最具吸引力的方法之一本文所研究的课题正是基于地理位置的路由算法。

位置收敛算法由于移动 sink 不需要直接向源节点更新当前位置，因此节省了大量的网络能量但是位置收敛算法在源节点发包率低，移动 sink 速度较快时，会造成数据发送时延较大和发送成功率较低的问题针对位置收敛算法的上述缺点，提出了一种基于 sink 节点代理的路由算法——ABR 算法该算法利用 sink 节点的代理以提高数据发送的成功率，同时通过混合的位置更新机制，很好的平衡了网络能耗与传输时延的矛盾， 有效的解决了位置收敛算法的缺点仿真结果表明 ABR 在提高网络性能方面有很大的优势 当多个 sink 以群组的方式向目标移动时，现有的向群组发送数据的路由算法由于频繁的在群组范围内广播信息，会造成过多的能量消耗为了解决这种问题，提出一种适合向群组传输数据的路由算法算法中利用群组组头负责与源节点进行通信，从而减少了位置更新的路由负载；而群组内数据广播的对象只限制为 sink 节点，从而节省了网络能量，延长了网络的寿命仿真结果表明，该算法和 RBDD 协议相比，能有效的降低网络能耗，延长网络寿命 关键词：无线传感器网络；移动 sinks；群组移动； Research on Routing of WSNs for Mobile Sinks Abstract In traditional Wireless Sensor Networks, sinks are static. The sensor nodes close to a sink will deplete their energy quickly because they have to forward losts of data packets from many other nodes. Since the sensor nodes are deployed in harsh environment area and powered by batteries, it will become difficult to recharge the nodes which runs out of energy, and thus shorten the lifetime of the entire network. Since mobile sinks can move to the source shortening the distance of data packets forwarded, thus saving a lot of energy and prolonging the lifetime of network. In recent years, people began to study the routing based on mobile sink and have put forward a variety of algorithms. Geographic routing has been considered as one of the most attractive approaches, since it exploits pure location information instead of global topology information, and it is efficient, simple and scalable routing protocol in WSNs. In this paper, the thesis focuses on location-based routing algorithm. In location convergence algorithm, a lot of network energy has been saved since mobile sinks needn’t update their present location to the source directly. If the location convergence algorithm has a low packets generations rate in source, and when mobile sinks move quickly, the problem of larger average delivery delay and lower success delivery ratio will be caused. For the above-mentioned disadvantages of location convergence algorithm, an agent-based routing protocol (ABR) is proposed. This algorithm has improved the success delivery ratio with the agent of sink nodes, made a good balance between the network energy consumption and average delivery delay and overcome the shortages of location convergence algorithm efficiently. The simulation results show ABR protocol has great advantages in improving the network performance. When a number of sinks move together, the existing protocols which send data to group will cause excessive energy consumption with frequent information broadcast in the group. To solve such problem, a routing algorithm for data transmitted to group is proposed. In the algorithm, the routing overhead of location update is reduced as the group head is responsible for the communication with the source and network energy is saved and the lifetime of network is prolonged as the data is only broadcast to sink nodes. The simulation results show this algorithm can reduce the consumption of network energy and prolong the lifetime of network compared with RBDD protocol. Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs); mobile sinks; mobile sinks group 致 谢 感谢我的导师郑淑丽老师三年以来对我的悉心指导与教诲，她知识渊博，治学严谨，不仅在学业上给予了我极大的帮助，使我的科研能力和知识水平得到了较大的提升，同时也教会了我很多为人处事的道理。

正是在郑老师的严格要求与亲切的关怀下才使我能够顺利地完成学业，在此我真诚的对我的恩师表示我最衷心的感谢 感谢樊玉琦老师为我的研究提供了很多无私的帮助，是他的鼓励与支持使我顺利的完成了学业，特别是樊老师对科学的严谨态度，以及精益求精的做事风格使我受益良多樊老师的建议与指导，开拓了我的科研思路，使我深受启发感谢胡东辉老师的指导与帮助 感谢我的室友杨波，罗明伟，是他们的帮助与支持，使我生活中多了许多志同道合的伙伴感谢我同一实验室的伙伴王美玲、邢慧芬、张云玲、李丹丹和章佳佳同学，是她们给了我无限的鼓励在此向他们表示深深的谢意，并祝愿她们未来的生活一帆风顺 感谢我的家人在这三年中提供的支持与帮助！ 最后，感谢评审委员会的专家能够在百忙之中审阅我的论文！ 作者：车辉 2013 年 03 月 06 日 目 录 第一章第一章 绪论绪论 ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 背景及意义 ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 传感器网络的体系结构 ................................................................................ 1 1.2.1 传感器网络结构 .................................................................................. 1 1.2.2 传感器节点结构 ................................................................................... 2 1.2.3 传感器网络的协议栈 .......................................................................... 3 1.3 无线传感器网络的特点 ................................................................................ 3 1.4 无线传感器网络的应用及研究进展 ............................................................ 4 1.5 无线传感器网络的关键技术 ........................................。