牛津上海版 中考英语 常见的词缀、例词及练习（无答案）.docx

牛津沪教版常见的词缀、例词及练习1. 定义：是指只能粘附在词根上构成新词的语素包括前缀与后缀2. 词缀示例：a. 前缀：e.g. like—dislike, happy—unhappy, usual—unusual, appear—disappear, possible—impossibleb. 后缀：e.g. use—useful, pollute—pollution, comfort—comfortable, change—changeable, secret—secretary3. 用法【前缀】前缀放在单词的前面，主要改变单词的意思主要有否定前缀, 表“重复”的前缀, 及表“相互”的前缀a. 否定前缀² un- happy—unhappy, usual—unusual, real—unreal, friendly—unfriendly, tidy—untidy comfortable—uncomfortable, able—unable, lucky—unlucky, healthy—unhealthy, fortunate--unfortunate² dis- like—dislike, agree—disagree, honest—dishonest, appear—disappear, able—disabled （disorder, discover）² im- /in-possible—impossible, polite—impolite, active—inactive, correct—incorrect, b. 表“重复”的前缀² re-turn—return, view—review, start—restart, union—reunion, write—rewrite, do—redoc. 表“相互”的前缀² inter- national—international, net—internet, view—interview, personal—interpersonal,（act--interact） d. 表“数字”的前缀² uni- 单一；统一uniform, unit, union, the United States of America, the United Kingdom, unicorn, universe, university² bi- 二，双bicycle, bicultural, bilateral² tri- 三，三倍triangle, triple, trilogy, tricycle² quadra- 四，四倍quartere. 表“向前”的前缀² pro-progress, process, project, proposef. 表“转移”的前缀² trans-transform, transplant, translate, g. 表“提前”的前缀² pre-predict, preview, preheat, prehistory, prewarh. 变使役动词的前缀² en-enable, enrich, enlarge, endanger, encourage【名词性后缀】1. 者名词1）-er，-eer表示"从事于……人" wait--waiter, win--winner, paint--painter, begin--beginner, bake--baker, manager--manager, write--writer, engine--engineer2）-or，表示"做……的人" educate--educator, act--actor, operate--operator, sail--sailor, direct--director, invent--inventor, visit--visitor3）-ess，表示"女性人称名词， act--actress, host--hostess, prince--princess, wait—waitress4）-ee，表示"动作承受者" **employ--employee, examine--examinee, train--trainee, interview--interviewee5）-ist，表示"……家， …….者，…….能手”tour--tourist, art--artist, piano--pianist, science--scientist, novel--novelist, dental--dentist, chemistry--chemist, type--typist6）-ary，表示"从事……的人" secret--secretary, 7）-ine，表示"女性人称" **hero--heroine, 8）-an,-ian, 表示"……地方的人，精通……的人”America--American, India--Indian, Asia--Asian, music--musician, magic--magician, physical--physician10）-ese，表示" ……国人，…..地方的人”Japan--Japanese, China--Chinese11）-ant,-ent，表示"……者” assist--assistant, serve--servant, study--student, agency--agent, participate--participant12）-man, -woman，表示“从事于……人” sale--salesman, saleswoman, police--policeman, policewoman, business--businessman, businesswoman, fish--fisherman, post--postman注意部分-er结尾不表示人的单词如：cook—cooker, serve—server, heat—heater, cool—cooler, fly—flyer2. 构成具有抽象名词的后缀表示行为，状况及结果1）-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition， act--action, solve--solution, conclude--conclusion, pollute--pollution, create(creative)--creationdiscuss--discussion, organize--organization, decide--decision, direct--direction, operate--operation, exhibit--exhibition, invent--invention, invite--invitation2）-ment， advertise--advertisement, develop--development, punish--punishment, argue--argument3）-al, refuse--refusal, arrive--arrival, survive--survival, approve--approval4）-ing， build--building, begin--beginning, meet--meeting, mean--meaning, cycle--cycling, save--saving, train—training, say--saying5）-ure， please--pleasure, fail--failure, mix--mixture表示性质，程度，行为，状态6）-ance, -ence important--importance, convenient--convenience, different--difference, appear--appearance, absent--absence, enter--entrance, perform--performance, refer--reference, silent--silence, guide--guidance7）-ancy, -ency， frequent--frequency, efficient--efficiency, emergent--emergency, agent--agency8）-ity， real--reality, able--ability, national--nationality, active--activity, creative--creativity9）-ety， various--variety, anxious--anxiety, social--society10）-bility， possible—possibility, responsible--responsibility11）-ice， serve--service, choose--choice, advise--advice, 12）-th， deep--depth, true--truth, long--length, grow--growth, wide--width, die(dead)--death 13）-ness， good--goodness, kind--kindness, happy--happiness, ill--illness, lonely--loneliness, empty--emptiness表示身份，等级，领域，状态14）-ship， member--membership, friend--friendship15）-age， pack--package, marry--marriage, post--postage16）-dom， free--freedom, king--kingdom, wise--wisdom17）-hood， child--childhood, neighbour--neighbourhood, 【巩固测试】1. Recently many _________ are going to evening school for further study. （work）2. A great number of high _________ have risen in Shanghai during the last 10 years. （build）3. After much _________, we all agreed to share the cost.（discuss）4. White was away to the South last month, so he didn't attend the _________ in Beijing.（meet）5. I am a regular _________ to the Ba。