高级英语第一册unit6blackmail.ppt

Blackmail,Arthur Hailey,Blackmail ( n.) :the obtaining of money or advancement by threatening to make known unpleasant facts about a person or group敲诈；勒索 ;（盗匪征收的）保护费;免抢税 ( vt. )胁迫;勒索;敲诈;讹诈 随着故事的发展,作者对“讹诈”的对象进行巧妙置换,从而使故事结局发生戏剧性逆转--由“侦探长对公爵夫妇的讹诈”转为“公爵夫妇对侦探长的讹诈”,旅馆警长由掌握罪证主动出击的强势交际角色到被动服从的弱势社会角色的转换，公爵夫人由被讹诈的弱势交际角色到强势社会角色的回归,揭露社会权力拥有者对弱势阶层的统治和控制Detailed Study of the Text 第三人称是短篇小说中最常见的叙述手段叙述者不是小说中的一个人物，而是作家的“代言人”他处于“无所不知”的地位，可以不受小说情节发展的时间和地点的限制而根据故事发展的需要自由地进行叙述或描写这样的第三人称叙述者被称做全知叙述者 《讹诈》中除了人物对话，作者还通过对人物外貌和外表活动以及人物独自的描写，读者可以体会到他们的思维意识和喜怒哀乐等情感。

比如在这场讹诈与反讹诈的较量中，对旅馆警长和公爵夫人各自眼神的描写，对刻画鲜明的人物形象起到了画龙点睛的作用① The chief house officer, Ogilvie, who had declared he would appear at the Croydons suite an hour after his cryptic telephone call actually took twice that time. As a result the nerves of both the Duke and Duchess were excessively frayed when the muted buzzer of the outer door eventually sounded. 负责饭店保安工作的奥格尔维探长打了那个神秘的，本来说好一个小时后光临克罗伊敦夫妇所住的套房的，可实际上却过了两个小时才到结果，当外间门上的电铃终于发出沉闷的嗡嗡声时，公爵夫妇的神经都紧张到了极点1.The chief house officer……suite an hour after his cryptic telephone call actually took twice that time : (line.1-4) suite ( n.) :a group of connected rooms used as a unit，such as an apartment一套房间;（同类物的）系列 eg. a suite of dining-room furniture一套餐厅家具 cryptic ( adj.) :having a hidden meaning；mysterious隐蔽的，秘密的；神秘的 eg .a cryptic remark含义隐晦的话 Ogilvie :(notice that the name itself sounds awkward, awful):他故弄玄虚，在警察还没有行动逮捕之前，亲自来访敲诈公爵夫妇，玩弄伎俩，一副小人得志的嘴脸。

Twice time ①奥格尔维自认为掌握了物证(丢在车库的捷豹车沾满血迹和碎车灯)，知道公爵犯事后来对公爵勒索，他一副小人得志的心理，故意拖延时间可见，在第一个见面回合较量中，他控制着局面，掌握着主动权，处于强势交际角色 ②公爵夫妇犯下了罪行，内心惶恐，认为等待的时间难熬，此时为弱势地位2.the nerves of both the Duke and Duchess were excessively frayed:(line.4-5) 公爵夫妇的神经都紧张到了极点 fray ( v.) make or become strained (使)紧张； Tempers began to fray in the heat.天热时人容易脾气急躁 (v.)磨损 This cloth frays easily.这块布太不经磨. the nerves were frayed 是本句主干，用了暗喻手法将nerves 比喻为可以磨损的东西，fray指磨损布边等，在此引申为“（使）紧张”这是一段隐喻，它很明显的向我们透漏了公爵夫人有自己不可告人的秘密，同时为下文做了铺垫 Metaphor：以此物隐喻彼物，将某一事物以另一个与其相似的事物来表达，是一种含蓄的比喻，暗示有比较，但又不充分说出这种比较。

the key to the mystery(即解开奥秘的方法就像开门的钥匙一样)； the light of knowledge(知识之光)； to have a stone face(表情呆板) 隐喻不用比喻词，但可以用be动词或者只用逗号、破折号将本体和喻体连起来 The green plant is a kind of food factory. (把绿色植物说成一种食物工厂),3. the muted :(line5) mute adj.无声的，哑的 muted P.P作adj. 声音减轻的 a muted voice 轻的声音 Muted to render the noise of the bell less harsh and strident沉闷的嗡嗡声,② The Duchess went to the door herself. Earlier she had dispatched her maid on an invented errand and, cruelly, instructed the moon-faced male secretary – who was terrified of dogs – to exercise the Bedlington terriers. Her own tension was not lessened by the knowledge that both might return at any moment. 公爵夫人亲自去开门。

此前她早已借故把女仆支开，并且狠心地给那位脸儿圆圆的、见到狗就怕得要死的男秘书派了一个要命的差事，让他牵着贝德林顿狼犬出去散步想到这两个人随时都会回来，她自己的紧张情绪怎么也松弛不下来4. she had dispatched her maid on an invented errand: (line.7-8) 她已借故把女仆支开 dispatch ( v．) :send off or out promptly，usually on a specific errand or official business(迅速地)派遣，派出(常指特别差事或公事) errand ( n.) :a trip to carry a message or do a definite thing，esp. for someone else差事(尤指为别人送信或办事); . 5. cruelly instructed: (line.8) “cruel”（狠心的） because they knew the secretary was terrified of dogs. They could easily have found some other errand for him.,6. the moon-faced male secretary: (line.9) the moon – faced male用了暗喻的修辞。

在此暗指男秘书比较怯懦阴柔， 公爵夫妇可以随时把他解雇 The use of male before secretary is to avoid possibility of the reader’s assuming otherwise, for commonly in the U.S. secretaryship is the female profession.,7. to exercise the Bedlington terriers:(line.10) to walk the dogs to take the dogs out and give them some exercise. The Bedlington terrier（德林顿狼犬） is a breed of blue or liver-coloured, wooly-coated, active, typically small dogs. The terriers are a status symbol showing that the Duchess id no ordinary dog owner. And the fact that they can keep dogs in a hotel suite proves they are VIP.,8. Her own tension was not lessened by the knowledge…: (line.10-11) 想到这两个人随时都会回来，她自己的紧张情绪怎么也松弛不下来. Knowledge 名词，知识；在此为“知道” 读者可以窥探到公爵夫人的内心活动，感受到公爵夫人面对警长时的各种忐忑不安，小说中采用第三人称全知视角叙述公爵夫人内心独白。

此句第三人称全知视角的叙事形式来刻画人物的神态和性格特点，让读者既看到故事中所有人物的外表活动，又进入他们的内心世界，观察到他们的内心活动，感受到他们的感受③ A wave of cigar smoke accompanied Ogilvie in. When he had followed her to the living room, the Duchess looked pointedly at the half-burned cigar in the fat man’s mouth. “My husband and I find strong smoke offensive. Would you kindly put that out.“ 随着奥格尔维进屋的是一团雪茄烟雾当他随着她走进起居室时，公爵夫人目光直射着这个大肥佬嘴里叼着的那烧了半截的雪茄我丈夫和我都讨厌浓烈的烟味，您行行好把它灭了吧!”,9. A wave of cigar smoke accompanied Ogilvie in:(line.12)随着奥格尔维进屋的是一团雪茄烟雾 Accompany (vt.) +n.陪伴；伴随 (vi.)+by/with+n.在…陪伴下 Company (v.)陪伴；交往 (n.)公司；同伴 “随着奥格尔维进屋的是一团雪茄烟雾。

这是一个典型的拟人句子，不仅表现出奥格尔维是一个不懂规矩的人，也使这一系列与烟有关的动作前后呼应，形成本文一个鲜明的线索同时间接地表达了他与公爵夫人的强弱势关系，奥格尔维对烟的控制对文章的节奏起着至关重要的作用公爵夫人对香烟的反应 根据社会道德规范，在未经女士的同意下就抽烟是及为不礼貌的行为而奥格尔维抽烟进来，说明他把公爵及公爵夫人不放在眼里，公爵夫人的回答很礼貌，显示出其尊贵的地位，与奥格尔维拉开距离Would you kindly put that out.此为祈使句，且句号接在疑问句后面，表达的是不折不扣的命令，表明了公爵夫人对欧吉维的强烈不满公爵夫人是受过教育的高阶层人物，她出生高贵，想要在气势在压倒他，以此达到她不受奥格尔维威胁的目的 探长奥格尔维是伴随着雪茄(cigar)出场的，而在整篇文章中，雪。