高中直接引语和间接引语讲义(教师版学生版).doc

高中直接引语变间接引语精讲精练大全 —— 《教师用》讲义+《学生用》资料直接引语变间接引语（教师用）引入：He said, “I am very sorry. ”He said that he was very sorry. （教师在黑板上写下两个句子，要求学生把句子誊抄到他们手里《学生用》资料上，提问学生“这两个句子之间有什么联系和区别？”）————————————————————————————————————————原理、规则精讲一、 何谓“引语”？： 引述（引用）或转述（转达）别人的话称为“引语” 直接引语 ：（引用） 间接引语 ：（转达）直接引用别人的原话(两边用引号“ ”标出)用自己的语言转述别人的话(不需要引号)二、 “直接引语” V.S. “间接引语”区别：联系：（上图所示）都是“引语”l 所以：两者可以相互转换l 考点：“直引”转化为“间引”l 重要概念： 引述动词 （引述分句）He said（引述动词） that he was very sorry . （转述分句） 要求学生把“引述动词填入said右边的斜括号中”三、 如何转换？1． 改写以下“三方面”人称；时间状语、地点状语时态句式词 对 词式 对 式义 对 义四、 “ 词 对 词 ”l 人称的转变：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新” “一随主” 是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。

从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： She said,"My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾” 是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰 从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致如果引号外的主句没有宾语也可以用第一人称， 如： He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then. “第三人称不更新” 是指直接引语变间接引语时如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第 三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr Smith said, "Jack is a good worker."——→ Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker. He said, “I am very sorry. ——→ He said that he was very sorry. She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight. ” ——→ She said to her son that she would check his homework that night. l 时间状语、地点状语、某些对比性的指示代词和动词：较固定，量身打造。

词对词”状语转换一览表时间状语地点状语某些指示代词某些方向性动词now→ thentoday→that day This week/year→that week/yearyesterday→the day before last week/year→the week /yeartwo days ago→two days beforetomorrow→the next /following daynext week→the next/following weekin three hours→three hours later/afterwardshere→there this→that these→those come→go bring→take 五、 “ 式 对 式 ”1． 时态的转变：l “时态逆移规则”“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. →She said she was very glad to visit our school. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music. ” EXE.→Tom said that they _were____ listening to the pop music. Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” →Mother asked me whether I __had___ ___f inishied__ my homework before I _watched____TV. 即，“时态逆移规则”： 直接引语改为间接引语时，只有在引述动词（主句动词）如果是过去时，转述分句(从句)的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态 :时态逆移一览表(箭头右侧为空)一般式进行式完成式一般过去时 → 过去完成时一般现在时 → 一般过去时一般将来时 → 过去将来时过去进行时、现在进行时→ 过去进行时将来进行时 → 过去将来进行时过去完成时、现在完成时→ 过去完成时将来完成时→ 过去将来完成时2． 有时，转述分句的时态无需逆移，不能逆移或不逆移l 以下为无时态逆移的例子，试总结规律：① He always says, “I am tired out. ” ——→ He always says that he is tired out. ② He will say, “I’ll try my best to help you. ” ——→ He will say that he will try his best to help me. ③ He said, “I went to college in 1994. ” ——→ He told us that he went to college in 1994. ④ He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school. ” n     ——→ He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school. ⑤ Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound. ” ——→ Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. ⑥ He said，“Practice makes perfect. ” ——→ He said that practice makes perfect. ⑦ He said, “She must be a teacher. ” ——→ He said that she must be a teacher. ⑧ The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water. ” ——→ The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water. 无“时态逆移”一览表：无需逆移不能逆移※不逆移引述动词=“一般现在时”引述动词=“一般将来时”转述分句含具体时间状语转述分句由when/while引导当场转述引述分句=“过去进行时”引述分句=“过去完成时”转述分句=自然现象/客观真理转述分句=谚语、格言转述分句含：l should , would , could , mightl must, ought to , need , darel had better , used to , would ratherl 保持事件状态真实性。

He said that government policy is not to sell arms to sensitive areas.提示：亘古不变的事实：is曾经如此，但今非昔比：was六、 ” 义 对 义“l 转述分句 必须用陈述句l 陈述句以外的其他句型：句子形式=意义转述时：句型涵义→→词语释义，以保全句意1． 陈述句：转述词said, 也可用told来代替，可以说said that, said to sb that, told sb that He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” n   He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. (板书) He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday. ” He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday. 2． 一般疑问句：“是/否”n     He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” n     He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. (板书) He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you?” n     He asked whether I was interested in English. 3． 特殊疑问句：“是什么/在哪里……”n    He said to me，“What's your name?” He asked me what my name was. (板书) He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” n    He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.4． 选择疑问句：“是A/B”n    He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” n    He asked me whether I spoke English or French. (板书) I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” n     I asked him whether he would take bus or take train. n      注意：用whethe。