高考英语高频率近义词辨析.docx

高考英语高频率近义词辨析第一组： spend/ take /cost①spend的主语通常是“人〞，即“某人在─花多少时间或金钱〞例句：1〕The boy spends a lot of money.(in) playing computer games.〔那个男孩花了很多钱玩电子嬉戏〕2)She spent lots of money on books last year.〔去年她花费很多钱在书本上〕②take前常以it作形式主语，作“做某事须要花多少时间〞It takes ＋(人)＋时间＋ to do sth.1)How long does it take you to finish the work?〔你须要多少时间才能完成那工作？〕2)It took me an hour to repair my bike.〔我花了一个小时修理自行车〕3)It takes a lot of courage to tell the truth.〔说真话须要很大的志气〕③cost的主语通常是事物，即指 ①某物值多少钱②须要多少时间③某人花了多少钱④使〔某人〕〔丢失〕〔事/物〕＋cost＋〔人〕＋时间/金钱1)The watch cost me two hundred yuan.〔这块手表花了我200块钱。

〕2)Writing a novel cost plenty of time.〔写本小说要花很多时间〕3)The girl's bad behavior cost her parents many sleepless nights.〔那个女孩的不良行为使得她的父母很多夜晚睡不着〕留意：cost的过去式，过去分词都是cost其次组：speak/say/tell/talk①speak说某种语言，说某人好、坏话是及物动词；发表讲话，对某人说话，是不及物动词1)The students speak English very fluently.〔这些学生英语说得特别流利〕2)The Prime Minister spoke on the international situation.〔首相就国际形势发表了演说〕3)She always speaks ill of others.〔她总是说别人的坏话〕②speak的习惯用语：Generally speaking 一般而言Frankly speaking 坦白地说Strictly speaking 严格地说not to speak of 且不说；更不用说1)Generally speaking, man is stronger than woman.〔一般而言，男人比女人强壮。

〕2)We can speak English, not to speak of Chinese.〔我们会读英语，汉语更不用说了〕④say说出某句话或某件事；后接从句，〔但say与从句之间不能干脆接人称代词或名词〕；说明时间；书信、布告报纸上的“说〞，习惯用法1)She said ,“I love you.〞〔她说：“我爱你〞〕2)Say goodbye to them.〔跟他们说再见〕3)She says she is busy.〔她说她很忙〕4)My watch says 10:00 sharp.〔我的表是十点整〕5)The paper says that there was a big fire in Shanghai.〔报上说上海发生了一场大火〕6)It is said that she has been away for a month.〔据说她已走了一个月了〕7)It goes without saying that education is important.〔不用说，教化是重要的〕8)Tom is a good student, that is to say, he gets good grades in school.〔Tom是个好学生，也就是说，他在学校的成果很好。

〕③ ①tell说谎；讲故事；说实话1)Don't tell a lie.〔不要说谎〕2)She likes to tell stories.〔她喜爱讲故事〕3)We should always tell the truth.〔我们应当恒久说实话〕③ ②tell区分；叫某人做某事；接“间接〞与“干脆〞宾语；tell＋宾语＋that从句1)Sometimes we can't tell right from wrong.〔有时我们无法区分是非〕〔他告知我他要去那儿〕④talk连续地说话；习惯用法1)What are the girls talking about ?〔那些女孩们讲什么？〕2)Young people like to talk politics.〔年青人喜爱谈论政治〕3)I talked over the matter with her.〔我与她谈论了那个问题〕第三组：take /bring/carry/fetch①take作“带去〞“拿去〞解；从近处把东西送到远处例句：1)She'll take her children to the park.〔她要带孩子去公园〕2)It's raining, you'd better take an umbrella with you.〔下雨了；你最好把雨伞带上。

〕②bring“拿来；带来〞；从远处把东西拿到近外1)Bring the dictionary to me.〔把字典拿给我〕2)Please bring your report with you when you come tomorrow.〔明天你来的时候，请把你的报告带来〕③carry作“携带，带去；搬运〞解1)She always carries a red handbag.〔她总是带一个红色手包〕2)Please carry this TV set upstairs.〔请把这台电视搬到楼上去〕④fetch作“去…取来，拿来；叫某人来〞解1)The football is over there. Fetch it please.〔足球在那边呢，请把它拿回来〕2)Fetch the police at once. We've found the robber.〔立刻去叫警察来，我们已经发觉那个抢劫的人〕第四组：wear/put on/ dress①wear穿着，戴；留，表示“状态〞是及物动词需加宾语例句：1)She always wears a pair of glasses.〔她总是戴着一副眼镜。

〕2)He wears a black jacket today.〔今日他穿着一件黑色的夹克〕②put on穿上，戴上，表示“动作〞例句：1)The teacher put on his hat and went out of the office.〔老师戴上帽子然后走出办公室〕2)Put on the gloves .It's cold outside.〔戴上手套外面很凉〕③dress作“穿着…的衣服〞解；给某人穿衣服不用写衣服例句：1)She is dressed in red.〔她穿着红衣服〕2)The mother dresses the child every day.〔那位母亲每天给孩子穿衣服〕此句不能加衣服3)She dresses herself in red.〔此句等于第一个例句〕第五组：do /make①do“做〞主要是用来表示“行动〞“行为〞，如do omelets是“把蛋卷煎好〞在do后面常加一些抽象名词，如do wrong〔犯错〕wrong〞是抽象名词常与do搭配的短语有：①do one's ②do (the) some ③do sb. a favor帮人忙④do with利用；忍受；须要⑤do away with废除⑥do without用不着；不须要⑦have ⑧do sb. ⑨do nothing but do除了做…以外什么也没做⑩do business做生意例句：1)I'll do the dishes today.〔今日我来洗盘子。

〕2)I've done my homework.〔我已经做完了作业〕3)Crying does harm to you.〔哭对你没有好处〕4)Will you do me a favor?〔能否帮我一个忙？〕5)We cannot do without a telephone in our business.〔我们做生意没有 是不行的〕6)The new teacher didn't know what to do with the class.〔新老师不知道如何对待他班上的学生〕7)I did nothing but watch TV last night.〔昨晚我除了看电视以外什么也没有做〕8)Who does your hair?〔平常是谁给你做头发的？〕②make“作〞，表示“制造〞，其后的宾语是make的产品如make clothes 制做衣服；make后常跟一些可数名词常与make动词搭配的短语有：①make a ②make an ③make ④make例句：1) They have make great progress in learning English.〔在学习英语方面他们已经取得了很大的进步。

〕2)Who is going to make a speech today?〔今日谁来演说？〕3)Don't make a noise.嘘！〔不要出声〕4)She makes her living as a teacher.〔她作老师来维持生计〕第一组： lie/lay/lie1)lie不及物动词，躺；位于lie—lay—lain—lying例句：①Shanghai lies to the south of Beijing.(上海位于北京的南方)②She has lain in bed for three days.(她已经在床上躺了三天了)2)lay及物动词，放置；下蛋lay—laid—laid—laying例句：①These hens lay eggs every day.(这些鸡每天下蛋)②He laid his hand on my shoulder.(他把手放在我的肩上)③lie不及物动词，说谎lie—lied—lied—lying例句：①Don’t lie to me.(别骗我)②She lies about her career.(她编造她的经验)其次组：hear/listen to①hear听；是一种“自然无意的动作。

〞hear of听说过hear from得到消息例句：The deaf cannot hear.(聋子听不见)②listen是一种“有意的动作〞如后面有宾语那么需加to；如没有宾语，listen后不行加to。