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猜测词义的技巧.doc

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  • 常见问题
    • 猜测词义的技巧一、根据上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语,下面接着出现其定义或解释,这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据如:1.(NMET2002, B 篇) 62. What’s the meaning of“the organic trend”as the words are used in the text?A. growing interest in organic foodB. better quality of organic foodC. rising market for organic foodD. higher prices of organic foodGold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.由此可知,越来越多的人购买 organic food,所以全英国的超市才增加了 organic food business,以期望有像 Gold 这样的人前来购买。

      因此, “the organic trend”就是指购买 organic food 这样一种流行趋势,所以,此题答案为 A2.(NMET2001, A 篇)56. the words“deluxe sedans”, “minivans”and“station wagons”used in the text refer to _________.A. cars in the makingB. car rental firmsC. cars for rentD. car makersShanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices—deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite.由此可知,car rental center 是出租车公司,所以,这里应选择的只能是 cars for rent(出租) 二、根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测文章中的代词 it, that, he, him 或 them 可以指上文提到的人或物,其中 it 和 that 还可以指一件事。

      有时代词指代的对象相隔较远,需要认真查找;有时也需要对前面提到的内容进行总结,才能找出代词所指代的事物如:1.(NMET2002, A 篇) 57. What does the underlined word “it”(paragraph 2) refer to?A. Discovering the moon’s inner space.B. Using the earth’s inner space.C. Meeting the“moon people”again.D. Traveling to outer space.However, the question that“moon people”asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.由此可以看出 it 指上句中的 the question,而 the question 又指第一段中“月球人”所提的问题所以根据第一段中的问题“Why are you traveling to outer space when you don’t even use your inner space?”就可以判断出答案为 B。

      2. (NMET2002, D 篇) 67. the underlined word“them”(paragraph 1) refers to _______.A. red herrings B. treasure huntsC. HenryⅧ’s six wivesD. readers of Masquerade文中提到…but Williams put in a lot of“red herrings”, or false clues, to mislead them.意思是在书中用一些假线索误导他们,显然,他们(them)就是指书的读者,故答案为 D三、根据因果关系进行猜测根据原因可以预测结果,根据结果也可以找出原因如:Biggest power failure in the city’s history...All of our ice-cream and frozen foods melted.后一句承接前一句,前一句的原因导致后一句的结果根据因果关系,停电很可能导致冰淇淋和冷冻食品融化,所以 melted 的词义应为“融化” 四、根据转折或对比关系进行猜测根据上下句的连接词,如 but, however, otherwise 等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别,从而根据某一句的含义,来确定另一句的含义。

      另外,分号也可以表示转折、对比等意义如:(NMET2002, E 篇) 74.What does the underlined word“hassle”(paragraph 1) probably mean?A. a party designed by specialistsB. a plan requiring careful thoughtC. a situation causing difficulty or troubleD. a demand made by guests通过上下句,A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun...可以看出,hassle 和 a basket of fun 肯定是近乎相反的意义所以不难判断,答案为 C五、根据同位关系进行猜测阅读中出现一些难词,有时后面就是一个同位语,对前面的词进行解释,这种解释有时也用 or 连接如:1.(NMET2001, D 篇)...and other Germanic and Nordic peoples, who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon (or Old English), a Germanic language.Anglo-Saxon 也就是古(Old English) ,是日耳曼语(a Germanic language)的一种。

      2. (NMET2002, A 篇) the“Chunnel”, a tunnel(隧道) connecting England and France, is now complete.此句中 a tunnel 是 Chunnel 的同位语因此, The“Chunnel”就是英法之间的海底隧道六、根据构词法(转化、合成、派生等)进行猜测在英语中,有很多词可以在前面加前缀,在后面加后缀,从而构成一个词,乍看起来,这个词可能是生词,但掌握了一定的构词法知识,就不难猜出它的词义如:1. (NMET2002, B 篇) Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences—but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete.我们知道,prefer 的意思是“宁愿、愿意、喜爱” ,根据上下文可以判断 prefer 的名词形式preference 的含义应是“偏爱、爱好 ”。

      2. (NMET2002, E 篇)“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10, ”Anaclerio said, “and they’re very interactive(互动)and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject...”文中 interactive 是由前缀 inter-(相互的)和 active(活动的、活跃的)而构成的,即使文中不给出其含义,根据上下文的意思也可以判断,该词的含义应是“互动的” 七、根据生活常识猜测词义In old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowry.根据常识,在旧社会,有钱人家的姑娘出嫁当然要带很多“嫁妆” 总之,利用各种已知信息,灵活运用猜词技巧,你就会在阅读文章时如鱼得水,游刃有余高考英语阅读高频词汇690 个(一)1.alter v. 改变,改动,变更2.burst vi.n. 突然发生,爆裂3.dispose vi. 除掉;处置;解决;处理 (of)4.blast n. 爆炸;气流 vi. 炸,炸掉5.consume v. 消耗 ,耗尽6.split v. 劈开;割裂;分裂 a.裂开的7.spit v. 吐(唾液等) ;唾弃8.spill v. 溢出,溅出,倒出9.slip v. 滑动,滑落;忽略10.slide v. 滑动,滑落 n. 滑动;滑面;幻灯片11.bacteria n. 细菌12.breed n. 种,品种 v. 繁殖,产仔13.budget n. 预算 v. 编预算,作安排14.candidate n. 候选人15.campus n. 校园16.liberal a. 慷慨的;丰富的;自由的17.transform v. 转变,变革;变换18.transmit v. 传播,播送;传递19.transplant v. 移植20.transport vt. 运输,运送 n. 运输,运输工具21.shift v. 转移;转动;转变22.vary v. 变化,改变;使多样化23.vanish vi. 消灭,不见24.swallow v. 吞下,咽下 n. 燕子25.suspicion n. 怀疑,疑心26.suspicious a. 怀疑的,可疑的27.mild a. 温暖的,暖和的;温柔的,味淡的28.tender a. 温柔的;脆弱的29.nuisance n. 损害,妨害,讨厌(的人或事物)30.insignificant a. 无意义的,无足轻重的;无价值的31.accelerate vt. 加速,促进32.absolute a. 绝对的,无条件的;完全的33.boundary n. 分界线,边界34.brake n. 刹车,制动器 v. 刹住(车)35.catalog n. 目录(册) v. 编目36.vague a. 模糊的,不明确的37.vain n. 徒劳,白费38.extinct a. 绝灭的,熄灭的39.extraordinary a. 不平常的,特别的,非凡的40.extreme a. 极度的,极端的 n. 极端,过分41.agent n. 代理人,代理商;动因,原因42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料,酒精43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁,恳求44.appreciate vt. 重视,赏识,欣赏45.approve v. 赞成,同意,批准46.st。

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