成人英语三级语法知识大全.doc

萧十一注：学习语法最佳还是买本语法书合适，电子版的翻阅起来有时未免不便，此外有时未免有错误之处语法书推荐：薄冰英法语法、无敌英语英语、英语语法大全（张道真），各大电子商城均有售 成人英语三级语法知识大全一、句法分析..........................................................................................................................2 二、词法分析..........................................................................................................................3 三、时 态...............................................................................................................................9 四、被动语态........................................................................................................................12 五、情态动词........................................................................................................................13 六、不定式............................................................................................................................15 七、定语从句........................................................................................................................18 八、主语从句........................................................................................................................23 九、表语从句........................................................................................................................24 十、宾语从句........................................................................................................................24 十一、同位语从句................................................................................................................25 十二、状语从句....................................................................................................................26 十三、虚拟语调....................................................................................................................29 十四、动名词........................................................................................................................32十五、目前分词....................................................................................................................32 十六、过去分词....................................................................................................................36 十七、独立主格构造............................................................................................................38 十八、倒装句型....................................................................................................................39 十九、强调句型....................................................................................................................40 二十、主谓一致....................................................................................................................41 二十一、It的用法.................................................................................................................43 一、句法分析 1、主语：是句子要阐明的人或物,可以作主语的成分有名词，主语一般在句首。

注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ v 1) Mr. Lee is a well-known scientist.名词作主语 v 2) He reads newspapers everyday.代词作主语 v 3) Two and ten is twelve.数词作主语 v 4) Smoking is harmful to the health.动名词作主语 v 5) To swim in that pool is a great pleasure.动词不定式作主语 v 6) What we shall do next is not yet decided.从句作主语 2、谓语: 阐明主语的动作，状态或特性 v 1) The new term begins on the 1st of September. v 2) His father is an engineer.v 3) She seemed happy. v 4) Li Hua showed me his album. 3、宾语:指的是及物动词波及到的人或物 v 1) Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus. v 2) The medicine is good for a cold. v 3) How many pieces do you want? v 4) My little sister always likes to ask questions. v 5) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow? v 6) He asked me what I was going to do tonight 4、宾语补足语:在宾语背面补充阐明宾语的动作、状态、特性。

v 1) The government appointed（任命）her chief delegate （首席代表）to the conference. v 2) I don’t believe the story true. v 3) You should put your things in order（有序）. v 4) The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week. v 5) We saw the pupils playing basketball. 5、表语：位于系动词如be之后，阐明主语身份，特性，属性或状态 v 1)Wang’s father is a doctor. v 2) He is always careless. v 3) The basketball match is on. v 4) All the pupils are on the playground now. v 5) Our aim is to win more medals. v 6) His work is teaching French. v 7) The question is who can really repair the machines. 尚有位于如下系动词背面的词，我们也称之为表语： 表达感官的：look\seem(看起来) 、sound（听起来）、smell（闻起来）、taste（尝起来）、feel（感觉起来）： He looks disappointed(形容词作表语)她看起来很失望。

The rubbish smells terrible.垃圾很难闻 表达变化的：get、become、turn(变得)It becomes hotter and hotter（形容词作表语）. 天变得越来越热了 6、定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，翻译常用‘……的’表达 v Tom is a handsome boy. The two boys are students. v His boy needs Tom's pen. The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours. v The boy needs a ball pen. The best boy here is Tom. v There is nothing to do today. The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. v This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday. 7、状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，阐明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、限度、目的等。

v 1) She sings quite well. v 2) On Sundays, t。