第四讲 报告的正文部分 the body ofa report.docx

第四讲 报告的正文部分Lecture Four The Body of a ReportThe Body of a report consists of three major parts. They are:Information Gathering Method and Procedure收集信息的方法和程序Presentation of Findings调查结果Discussion and Interpretation of Findings讨论和阐释调查结果收集信息的方法和程序 Information Gathering Method and Procedure This section is included in the Body only if the author feels that the readers will find the details of the method important and are genuinely interested in reading it. If the method is commonly known, it is just briefly mentioned. Example 4AMost of the information in this report was derived from the Civil Services Prospectus, 2003. Some of it came from interviews with key civil servants and trade union leaders of the Civil Services Branch of the Federal Civil Services Union. The major findings of an independent survey conducted by Martin Marketing Consultants last month were also incorporated. 这份报告的主要信息来自2003年《国内公务员专刊》。

亦有些信息来源于对公务员领导层及公务员职工工会公务员分部的主要工会领导者的采访另外，上个月圣马丁市场顾问公司进行的独立调查，其主要结果页包含在这份报告里在示例4A中所有的动词均使用过去时态使用过去时态的目的是为了说明收集信息的过程所做的工作注意这里经常使用被动语态Exercise 4.1 Identify all the main verbs used in Example 4A.Exercise 4.2 Write a paragraph stating how the information relating to a report on project management was collected. You may find the verbs and notes provided in the boxes below helpful.Derive （源于） come （来自） conduct （得出） incorporate（包含） l Information from computer journals （来自于计算机刊物的信息）l Interviews with project managers and systems analysts （采访计划主管和系统分析员）l Findings of a recent survey by our management staff on aspects of project management, with special reference to planning and control （我们的管理人员，对计划管理情况特别是相关计划和控制情况的调查结果）调查结果 Presentation of Findings 这个部分罗列的是调查结果。

这个结果一般都是针对某些问题进行调查后得到的在研究报告中，这部分内容成为对调查结果的说明为了有效地说明调查结果，必须提供清楚和正确的事实换句话讲，对调查结果的说明应当是：l Exact—precise and without exaggerationl 准确—精确而不夸张l Objective—can be measured by objective standards and free of personal biasl 客观—以客观标准验证而不存在个人的偏见l Reliable—the source of information and method of data collection should be clearly specified so that the data can be verified. This lends credibility to the report and shows its reliability. l 可信—信息来源和收集数据的方法应当是清楚的，并能够经得起检验，以此说明报告的内容是确凿和可靠的在提供事实前，首先要考虑的是如何组织材料有许多组织材料和数据的方法可供选择，例如，根据时间或不同的题目，如财富、收入、人口、国家、雇员、产品等。

有时许多标准看起来都很适合但是方法的选择必须与报告的目标相一致请详细阅读下列报告的题目：The Wool Trade of Australia: 2000-2004（2000-2004年澳大利亚的羊毛贸易）At first glance, a number of categories seem appropriate. They include time—reporting on the sequence of events in a chronological order, annually from 2000 to 2004; income—by year or amount; countries—by major buyers and/or key competitors; Australian wool famers—by state or volume of business/production; etc. The Choice should be based on the purpose or objective(s) of the report. For instance, if the report merely aims to provide a description of the sequence of events in Australia’s wool trade during the years in question, then time would be the most appropriate criterion. However, if the purpose the report is to carry out a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) of Australia’s wool trade, then time may not be the best criterion. Instead, countries could serve as a more appropriate criterion. A SWOT analysis of the major buyers and key competitors of Australian wool (by country) could provide the require information. It could also generate a sound basis for industry forecasts. Example 4BStudy the passage below which attempts to present findings. 详细阅读下面的文字，尝试罗列某项调查的结果。

This laptop computer is very light and small. It comes with a suite of applications software which users will find useful. It has large memory capacity and runs off dry batteries. Battery life is also longer. 这个手提电脑既轻又小，它配置的软件非常有用，记忆储存量大并能使用干电池干电池的使用期比较长 There are four statements in Example 4B. Although all of them try to describe aspects of the laptop computer in question, they are too vague. Specific information on units of weight or dimensions should be provided. Moreover, when making comparisons, it is vital to provide a common basis for the comparison. Such a basis is lacking in the last statement in Example 4B.Below are some suggestions for improvement. This laptop computer is very light and small. Three parts in this sentence require specific information. This laptop computer can be replaced by the model or brand name of the computer, e.g. The ZX99 computer. The phrase very light should be replaced by the actual weight of the computer, e.g. 0.3 kg. The word small should be replaced by the actual dimensions, e.g. 1.5*21*30 cm, about the size of an A4 pad. It comes with a suite of applications software which users will find useful. The phrase a suite of applications software is too vague. If examples such as alarm, calculator, calendar, database, diary, printer-editor, spreadsheet, terminal, word-processor, etc are given, the readers will find。