英语专业名词(水利方面).docx

英语专业名词（水利方面）hydrosphere水体 water body水科学 water science水文学hydrology陆地水文学land hydrology应用水文学 applied hydrology工程水文学 engineering hydrology地表水 surface water地下水 groundwater水汽 water vapour水文要素 hydrologic elements降水 precipitation雨季 rainy season雪 snow积雪 snow cover初雪 first snow终雪 latest snow融雪 snowmelt冰雹hail截留 interception填洼 depression detention地面滞留 surface detention陆面蒸发 evaporation of land水面蒸发 evaporation of water surface 土壤蒸发 evaporation from soil 散发（植物蒸腾）transpiration 蒸发能力 evaporation capability 下渗（入渗）infiltration稳渗 steady infiltration下渗能力 infiltration capability河川径流 river runoff降雨径流 rainfall runoff暴雨径流storm runoff融雪径流 snowmelt runoff枯季径流 dry season runoff基流 base flow洪水flood阴塞高压blocking high 低空急流low—level jet 低涡vortex反气旋（高压）anticyclone气旋（低压）cyclone热带气旋 tropic cyclone热带低压 tropic depression热带风暴tropic storm强热带风暴 severe tropic storm台风 typhoon气团 air mass锋（锋面）front天气 weather气象 meteorology气候 climate气候区戈U climatic regionalization气候带 climatic zone气候变化 climatic change小气候 microclimate热带 tropic zone副热带（亚热带）subtropic zone 比湿 specific humidity风 wind风向 wind direction风速 wind speed蒲福风级 Beaufort wind scale露dew露点 dew point雾fog霜 frost霜点 frost point初霜 first frost终霜 latest frost霜冻 frostbite无霜期 frost—free period流域 watershed （basin）流域面积（集水面积）drainage area闭合流域 enclosed basin不闭合流域 non —enclosed basin闭流区（内流区）bling drainage area分水线（分水岭）divide流域特征 basin characteristics流域几何特征 basin geometric characteristics河道复流（河道再生）resurgence常年河 perennial stream间歇河 intermittent stream悬河（地上河）elevated stream夺流河（断头河）captured river盈水河 gaining stream亏水河 losing stream暴洪河流flashy stream地下暗河（地下河）underground river界河 boundary river国际河流 international river废河道（古河道）dead river岸 bank左岸 left bank右岸 right bank凹岸 concave bank凸岸 convex bank岸壁 land wall水边线（岸线）water line堤防levee河长 river length河弯 river bend弯曲率 tortuosity航道 navigable channel河段reach上游 upstream潜洲submerged bar深潭 deep pool水利学 hydraulics明渠水力学 open channel hydraulics水静力学hydrostatics水动力学 hydrodynamics明渠水流 open channel flow恒定流steady flow非恒定流unsteady flow均匀流（等速流）uniform flow非均匀流（变速流）non-uniform flow急流 supercritical flow缓流 subcritical flow异重流 density current临界流 critical flow临界水深 critical depth临界流速 critical velocity 临界流量 critical discharge 水头head位置水头（位能）elevation head 低强水头（压能）pressure head 流速水头（动能）velocity head 雷诺数 Reymold number 韦伯数 Weber number 水力因素 hydraulic factor 湿周 wetted perimeter 水力半径 hydraulic radius 宽深比 width —depth ratio 中泓线 midstream of channel 深泓线Thatweg 落差fall 瀑布 waterfall 波浪wave 驻波 standing wave移动波 translation wave 河流动力学 river dynamics 河流泥沙 river sediment泥沙特征 property of sediment 土壤侵蚀 soil erosion 水力侵蚀water erosion 山洪侵蚀 torrential erosion 流域侵蚀basin erosion流域产沙量 watershed sediment yield 溶解性总固体 total dissolved solids 离子含量 ion concentration 离子总量 total ion concentration 离子流量 ion discharge 矿化度 mineral content 盐度 salinity PH 值 ph value 碱度 alkalinity 酸度 acidity 酸雨 acid rain电导率 electric conductivity 混浊度（浊度）turbidity 总需氧量 total oxygen demand 溶解氧 dissolved oxygen 需氧量 oxygen demand生化需氧量 biochemical oxygen demand滑雪需氧量 chemical oxygen demand硬度 hardness非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度）non —carbonate hardness硬水 hard water浮冰 floating ice锚冰 anchor ice封冻期 freeze—up period封冻（封河）freeze—up平封 flat freeze—up立封 upright freeze—up冰盖 ice cover连底冻 grounded ice cover冰丘 ice mound封冻冰缘 ice edge of freeze—up清沟lead初生清沟primary lead再生清沟 secondary lead冰花路毡 sludge road felt冰上覆雪 snow cover over ice冰脊 ice ridge冰缝crack悬冰 suspended ice cover冰堆 ice pack冰塞ice jam冰上结冰aufeis解冻期 break-up period冰变色 color change of ice cover冰上有水 accumulation of melt water月中天 lunar transit引潮力 tidal generation force天文潮 astronomic tide气象潮 metorologic tide潮汐周期tidal cycle半日潮 semidiurnal tide全日潮 diurnal tide混合潮mixed tide大潮 spring tide小潮 neap tide中潮 moderate tide太阴月lunar day潮期 duration of tide涨潮历时 duration of tidal rise落潮历时 duration of tidal fall潮流 tidal current涨潮流 flood tidal current落潮流 ebb tidal current憩流 slack tide潮流速 tidal velocity往复流 reversing current旋转流rotary current潮流期 duration of tidal current涨潮流历时 duration of flood current地下水径流 groundwater runoff地下水流速 velocity of groundwater flow地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）hydraulic gradient of groundwater 地下水等水位线图 water-table contour map 含水层aquifer含水岩系 water-content rock series含水岩组 water-content rock formation含水岩性 water-content rock property含水介质 water—hearing medium均匀介质 homogeneous medium非均匀介质 inhomogeneous medium含水层边界aquifer boundary透水边界 permeable boundary隔水边界 confining boundary弱透水边界 acquitted boundary透水层 permeable bed隔水层 confining bed弱透水层 acquitter水文地质参数 hydrogeological parameters渗透系数 permeability coefficient导水系数（释水系数）coefficient of transmissivity贮水系数storativity水位传导系数（水力扩散系数）coefficient of water table conductivity压力传导系数 coefficient of pressure conductivity持水度 water—holding capaci。