陈述疑问祈使感叹.doc

四类句型（按照使用目的划分）（陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句）1． 陈述句定义：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法Light travels faster than sound.（说明事实）The film is rather boring.（说明看法）以下重点讲解陈述句的否定形式.陈述句否定形式的用法例句1. 用not构成的否定句：主语+助动词/be/情态动词+not+…He is not back yet.You shouldn’t be so silly.I like the salad, but I don’t like this soup.2. 祈使句的否定句：Don’t+动词原形…Don’t worry. I’ll look after you.Don’t believe a word he says.Don’t be so rude.3. 非谓语动词（不定式，分词，动名词）的否定式：把not放在to do;doing;的前面It’s important not to worry.He said he deeply regretted not being able to help.He reproached me for not having told it to him.Not knowing what to do, Shelly asked advice of her friend.4.not与除谓语以外的其他句子成分连用：not用在I hope;I believe;I’m afraid;I guess;I suppose;I expect之后,构成省略句.Come early, but not before six.It’s working, but not properly.I believe he will succeed, though not without some difficulty.—Will it snow today ?—I hope not.5. 用no构成否定句：no+名词（单,复数,不可数）相当于not+ a +名词/not + any +名词No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricatedTake that towel, I have no other.I can walk no farther.There is no knowing what will happen.The nations of Europe and America have found that no country can produce all its needs without trading.6. 某些否定副词或代词：seldom;never;hardly;rarely;little;few;none; nowhere;neither等在句中构成否定句I can seldom find time for reading.Mirror tells only the facts, never the poetry.The rumor came from nowhere.None but fools have ever believed it.否定转移：当think;believe;suppose;imagine等动词引导否定意义的宾语从句时,把从句中的not提到主句这些动词前面,是主句变成否定句：I don’t think she’s at home, but I’ll go and see.I don’t imagine that he’ll enjoy it.8.否定式疑问句：部分否定：Not all…=All…not…Not both…=Both…not…Not every…=Every…not…Doesn’t she understand ?Haven’t you booked your holiday yet ?I don’t remember all the names.All is not gold that glitters.It is not found everywhere.Not everyone likes this film.9.用否定形式表示肯定的意义：cannot…too.. / cannot… more: 越…就越好；再…不过了You cannot be too careful.A man can never have too many friends.2． 疑问句定义提出问题的句子四类疑问句一般疑问句Can you finish the work in time?特殊疑问句Where do you live?/How do you know that?选择疑问句Do you want tea or coffee?反义疑问句以下重点讲解反意疑问句反义疑问句陈述部分疑问部分例句1)陈述部分的主语是I疑问部分用arent I.Im as tall as your sister,arent I?2)陈述部分的谓语是wish疑问部分用may +主语I wish to have a word with you,may I?3) 陈述部分用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时.疑问部分用肯定含义The Swede made no answer,did he / she?Some plants never blown (开花),do they ?4)含有ought to的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldnt/oughtnt+主语He ought to know what to do,oughtnt he?/shouldnt he?5)陈述部分有have/had to do疑问部分常用dont/didn’t+主语We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we?6)陈述部分的谓语是used to时疑问部分用didnt/usedn’t+主语He used to take pictures there, didnt he?/usednt he?7)陈述部分有had better do.疑问句部分用hadnt you?Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you?8)陈述部分有would rather do疑问部分多用wouldnt +主语He would rather read it ten times than recite it,wouldnt he?9)陈述部分有Youd like to do.疑问部分用wouldnt +主语Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?10)陈述部分有must（表示推测）的疑问句注意：must作必须讲时，反义疑问句用mustn’t.must表示推测时,疑问部分根据实际情况而定He must be a doctor, isnt he?You must have studied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you?He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he?You must work hard from now on,mustn’t you?（必须）11)感叹句中疑问部分用be +主语What colours,arent they?What a smell, isnt it?12) 陈述部分由neither…nor,either…or 连接的并列主语时疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定everything,that,nothing,this疑问部分主语用itEverything is ready, isnt it?14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况：a.并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定b.带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定c.上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句.若主句为第二或三人称,则反义疑问句与主句一致.a. Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he?b.He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?c.I dont think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, cant she?He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he?Jenny doesnt think that Robert is honest,does she?15)陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one等疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he.Everyone knows the answer,dont they?(does he?)Nobody knows about it, do they?(does he?)16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句注意：当dare,need为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do+主语疑问部分常用need (dare )+主语We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you?She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句注意：Lets 开头的祈使句,后用shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?疑问部分用will youDont do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / wont you ?Lets go and listen to the music, shall we?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?18)陈述部分是"there be"结构的疑问部分用there省略主语代词There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there?。