英国文学作家作品总结.doc

一、Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟 1343~1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》)The father of English poetry.Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.作品：① 坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体 ) by middle English②特罗勒斯与克丽西德③ 声誉之堂④公爵夫人之书⑤百鸟议会二、William Shakespeare 威廉•莎士比亚 1564~1616playwright,poet评价 comments：Widely regarded as the greatest writer in English literature莎士比亚同时代戏剧家本·琼森（Ben Johnson）--他不属于一个时代，而是属于 （He was not of an age, but for all time.）作品：① Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII②Four Comedies: 皆大欢喜; 第十二夜; 仲夏夜之梦; 威尼斯商人③Four Tragedies: 哈姆莱特; 奥赛罗; 李尔王; 麦克白④Shakespeare Sonnet :154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg 三、Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯•培根 1561~1626Bacon’s quote1、knowledge is power 知识就是力量。

2、Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt, and cannot last; and for the most part it makes a dissolute youth, and an age a little out of countenance 美犹如盛夏的水果，是容易腐烂而难保持的，世上有许多美人，她们有过放荡的青春，却迎受着愧悔的晚年3、Natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. 天生的能力好像天然生成的植物，必须通过学习加以修整；然而学习本身如若不由实践去约束，必然方向纷杂而漫无目的4、Virtue is like a rich stone, best plain set 美德好比宝石，在朴素背景的衬托下反而更华丽。

评价 the founder of English materialist philosophy. The founder of modern science in England.  a representative of the English renaissance. a well-known philosopher, scientist and essayist. Bacon’s works establish and popularize an inductive methodology for scientific inquiry, often called the Baconian method. Induction（归纳法）implies drawing knowledge from the natural world through experimentation, observation, and testing of hypotheses. （哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。

）Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.马克思称他为“ 英国唯物主义及现代实验科学之父”Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man’s reason.作品：①学术的推进，总结了前人的一切知识，并进行归类②随笔 ③新工具，阐述了归纳法④新大西岛，是乌托邦性质的作品十七世纪英国诗人John Donne the Metaphysical poet(17 世纪玄学派诗人)English poet, preacherHe was the most outstanding of the English Metaphysical Poets作品：Songs and Sonnets 《歌与十四行诗》The Flea 《跳蚤》The Good-Morrow 《早安》Break of Day《破晓》Epithalamions, or marriage songs 《颂歌》Elegies 《挽歌》On His MistressTo His Mistress Going to bedDivine poems 《圣歌》Holy Sonnets 《神圣十四行诗》At the Round Earth’s Imagined Corner, BelowDeath Be Not ProudArtistic features:1. conceits or imagery 奇思妙喻2. syllogism 三段论John Milton 约翰•弥尔顿 1608~1674John Milton was an English poet, 政论家，polemicist (辩论家）He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost, which is considered as the greatest English literary epic. 评价：William Hayley's 1796 biography called him the "greatest English author". He remains generally regarded "as one of the preeminent writers in the English language and as a thinker of world importance." 写作的 3 个主题:  Church government Divorce Republicanism作品： 1637：Lycidas 《利西达斯》 1650：Areopagitica 《为英国人民声辩》 1667: Paradise Lost 《失乐园》是无韵体 1671: Paradise Regained 《复乐园》 1671: Samson Agonistes 《力士参孙》This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best who can endure the suffering best.冒险小说作家Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔•笛福 1660~1731小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。

He started The Review, a political and literary magazine in prison. 1704年，他创办《评论》杂志，这是英国第一份定期出版的社会和政治刊物评价： He is called “The Father of the English fiction”（英国小说之父）考，填空He is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel.作品：① The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记It praises the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan. Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England.② Captain Singleton 《辛格顿船长》③ Moll Flanders 《摩尔·弗兰德斯》④ A Journal of the Plague Year 《大疫年日记》⑤ Roxana 《罗克萨娜》Jonathan Swift 乔纳森•斯威夫特 1667~1745十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家 a master satirist。

作品：A Tale of a Tub 《一只桶的故事》The battle of the Books 《书籍之战》The Drapier’s Letter 《布商来信》A Modest Proposal 《一个温和的建议》Gulliver‘s Travels 《格列佛游记》Four parts:Lilliput 小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国 Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛浪漫主义诗人一William Blake 威廉•布莱克 1757~1827 Poet and Painter Engraver Developed own mythology/religion First major “Romantic” poet 英国文学史上最复杂、最有个性的诗人之一他打破了 18 世纪新古典主义的教条，用歌谣和无韵体诗来书写理想和生活Features of his poems• 1.use of simple language • 2. serious, somber themes • 3. lyrical beauty• 4. symbolism• 5. mystici。