（可编）最新《新编简明英语语言学教程》教案.docx

仅供学习与交流河池学院课时计划（教案）学院 （系）专业外语年级（班级）05级A班课程 名称基础语言学任课教师 及职称卢贞媛讲师时间2007年3月15日（第1周星期1.2.3）第节使用教材书名编（著）者版别及岀版年月新编简明英语语言 学教程戴炜栋、何兆熊02年7月第1版课题 （章节）Chapter 1课时 安排5节教学 目的let the students have the genera I idea about language and Iinguistics.教学 重点 难点I. design features of language ;I I. some important distinctions in Iinguistics:Speech and writingDescr i pt i ve and prescr i pt i veSynchron i c and d i achronicLangue and paroleCompetence and performanceTraditional grammar and modern Iinguistics教学 方法Commun i cat i ve Methods教学 内容 及过 程作业 或思 考题Homework:exercises 3. 5. 6.教学后记Chapter 1 IntroductionDate: March 12. 2007Teaching aims: let the students have the genera I idea about language and Iinguisties.Teaching difficulties: design features of Ianguage ; some important di stinet ions in Iingui st icsTeaching procedures 1. What is Iinguistics?Defi n i t i onLinguistics i s a scientific study of language. It i s a ma jor branch of socia I science.Linguistics studies not just one language of any society, but the Ianguage of al I human society, Ianguage in general.A scientific study i s one which i s based on the systemat i c i nvest i gat ion of data, conducted with reference to some genera I theory of Ianguage structure.observat i on genera I i zat i on hypothes i s tested byfurther observation theory1.2 Main branches (scope) of linguisticsGeneral Iinguistics—he study of Ianguage as a whole.1) main branchesphonetics 语音学 - the study of sounds used in I inguistic communi cati onphono I ogy 音系学(音位学)一the study of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication.morphology 词法学一the study of the way i n which these symboI s are arranged and combined to form wordssyntax 句法学 - the study of the rules which govern the combination of words to form grammat icaI Iy permi ssible sentences in languages.semantics 语义学一the study of meaning.pragmatics 语用学一 he study of meaning in the context of languageuse2) interdiscipl inary (跨学科的)branches of I inguistic studysoc i oIinguistics - the study of a I I soc i a I aspects of Ianguage and its relation with society. Eg. language used and soc i a I background (the difference between the educated and uneducated peopIe); Ianguage used and certain occas ion ( forma I and informa I sett ings); Ianguage change and soc i a I change (new words)psycho Ii ngu i st i cs - it aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when we use Ianguage. how we as i nfants acqu i re our mother tongue, how wee me mor i ze. and how we process the i nformat i on we rece i ve i n the course of communication.AppIied I inguisties - findings in I inguistic studies can often be applied to the so Iut i on of such practical problems as the recovery of speech ab i I i ty. The study of such appIicat i ons i s genera I Iy known as appIi ed I inguistics. In a narrow sense it refers to the appI icat ion of I i ngui st ic theor ies and pr inc ip les to Ianguage teachi ng. especially the teaching of foreign and second languages,Impo rtant distinetions in Iinguisticsa. Descriptive vs. prescriptive "描写式”和“规定式"They represent two different types of Iinguistic study,If a Iingui st ic study aims to descr i be and ana Iyze the Ianguage peopIe actua I Iy use, it is said to be descr ipt i ve; i f the I inguist ic study aims to lay down rules for "correct and standard” behavior in using language, i. e. to tell people what they shouId say and what they shouId not say, it is said to be prescriptive.Grammar - prescriptive Modern Iinguisties - descriptiveb. Synchronic vs. diachronic "共时"和“历时”The description of a Ianguage at some point of time in history is a synchronic study: the description of language as it changes through time i s a diachronic study. A diachronic study i s a h i stor icaI study; i t stud i es the h i stor i caI deveIopment of Ianguage over a per iod of time. . Synchron i c (modernI ； nrr.. ；。

； cr*▼diachronic (histor icaI study)c. speech and writingfirst learned and taughtd. Iangue & parole "语言"和“言语”The distinct ion was made by the Swiss I i ngu i st Saussure i n the early 20th century.Langue refers to the abstract Iinguistic system shared by a I I members of a speech community, (conventions and rules - abstract- not spoken by anyone - stab Ie)parole refers to the reaIization of Ianguage in actuaI use. (real izations of Ianguage - concrete—a natural ly occurr ing event- changeabIe)langue: 1)2)3)theparole: 1)the abstract systemit is soc i a I, a set of convent i ons relatively stable and systematic actuaIization of Ianguage personal, it is the concrete use of convent ions more variable and may altershould do is to abstract langue from parole, i. e.2) it is3) it isWhat Iingui sts to d i scover the regular ities governing the actuaI use of Ianguage and make them the subjects of study of linguistics.6. 。