
语法_剖析_活用动名词的基本用法.doc
4页语法•剖析•活用 动名词的基本用法动名词是指具有名词性质,可在旬中作主语、宾语、表语、定语,且有所有格作修饰语 的动词的・ing形式1・动名词作主语的用法动名词作主语时,往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,在口语中也可以表示具体的动作如: Painting is his hobby.绘画是他的爱好动名词作主语和不定式作主语一样,也可以用it作形式主语如:It is no use talking without doing.光说不做没有用不定式作主语往往表示具休的特别是将來的动作女口:Ifs so hot.What I want to do now is to have a swim in a rive匚天这么热,现在我想做的事就是在河里游泳2 •动名词作宾语的用法1) 冇些动词或魚语动词后常川动名词作宾语如admit,appreciate,avoid,can't stand (不 能忍受),consider,delay,devote...to,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,feel like,finish,forgive,get down to,give up,imagine,insist on,keep (on) ,look forward to,mention,mind,miss (辛背过),pay attention to,practise,put ofi^stick to,suggest 等。
2) 在allow,advise,forbid,permit肩肓接跟动名词作宾语,如果侑名词或代词作宾语,则构成 uallow/advise/forbid/permit+名词/代词+不定式(宾语补足语)"形式如:We don't allow smoking here. 我们这儿不许吸烟We don't allow anybody to smoke here. 我们这儿不允许任何人吸烟3) 动词need,require,want意为“盂要”时,后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语, 意义没有区別如:The window needs/requires/wants cleaning.窗八需要擦了The window needs/requires/wants to be cleaned.窗户需耍擦 了4) 在begin,start,continue,intend示用动名词和用不定式作宾语均可,意义没有多人区别5) 动词 forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try,be used to,can’t help 后跟动名词和跟不 定式区別较大,须注意forget,regret,remember后跟动名词表示已经发生的动作;跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。
试比较下面儿纽例句:I forgot to post the letter.我忘了寄这封信信没有寄出)I forgot posting the letter.我忘了这封信已经寄过了信已经寄过,忘记寄信这件事)I regret to tell you that his father died.我很遗憾地告诉你他的父亲死了I regret having done such a thing.我后悔做了这样的事go on后跟动名词表示“继续做原來做的事”;跟不定式表示“接着做另一件事”如:Go on reading Lesson Three.继续读第三课刚才读的就是第三课)Go on to read Lesson Three.接着读第三课刚才也许读的是第二课或者在做别的事) mean后跟动名词表示“意味着要做菜事”;跟不定式表示“想要做某事S如: Accepting the job means living aboard.接受这个工作就意味着在国外居住I didn't mean to start an argument.我并不想(跟你)争论stop jTi跟动名词表示“停止做某事冷跟不定式表示“停下来(别的事)开始做某事二We stopped talking.我们停止说话。
We stopped to talk.我们停下来开始说话try后跟动名词表示“试着做某事”;跟不定式表示“努力做某事SHe tried climbing the tall tree.他试着爬上那棵人树己经爬了)He tried to climb the tall tree.他努力要爬上那棵大树还没爬)be used to后跟动名词表示“习惯于做某事冷跟不定式表示“被用来做菜事”He has been used to getting up early.他已经习惯早起Wood is used to make paper.木材被用来造纸caift help示跟动名词表示“禁不住做某事冷跟不定式表示“不能帮助做某事二After hearing the story,we couldn't help laughing.听完这个故事,我们忍不住人笑起來 Fm sorry that I cannot help you to finish the task.很抱歉,我不能帮你完成这个任务3 •动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构有四种形式:1) 形容词性物主代词+动名词;2) 名词,s+动名词;3) 代词宾格+动名词;4) 名词+动名词4 •动名词的时态在吋态上,动名词有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)两种形式。
当动名词表示 的动作发生的时间不明确,或与谓语动作同时发生,或发生在谓语动作Z后时,用动名词的一 般式;当动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前时,常用动名词的完成式如:I enjoy playing football. (playing 表示的时间概念不明确)He's been used to going to bed late. (going to bed 与 has been used to 同时发生)I'm looking forward to seeing you soon. (seeing 发生在 am looking forward to 之示)I'm sorry for not having kept my promise, (not having kept my promise 发生在 am sorry Z前)5.动名词的语态在语态上,动名词有主动式(doing,having done)和被动式(being done,having been done)如:He insisted on sending her to hospital.他坚持要把她送到医院去He insisted on being sent to work in the countryside. 他坚持要被派到乡卜 I -作。
动名词的高考考点序号考点 内容考点注意事项考点1动名 词作 宾语冇些动词或短语动词后常川动名词作宾语,如admit,appreciate,avoid,can standxonsider,delay,devote...to?dislike,enjoy5escape,excuse,feellike,finishJbrgivc,get down to,give up,imagine,insist on,keep (on) Jook forward to,mention,mind,miss (错过) ,pay attention to,practise,put off,stick to,suggest,allow^advise,forbid,permit 等 °考点2动名 词的 复合 结构动名词的复合结构的四种形式:1) 形容词性物主代词+动名词;2) 名词,s+动名词;3) 代词宾格+动名词;4) 名词+动名词动名词的复合结构町在旬中作主语或宾语作主语时,不能用3)、4)两种形式; 无生命名词无论是作主语述是作宾语都不能用笫2)种形式动名词的复合结 构,实际上是给动名词加了一个逻辑主语考点3动名 词的 时态有时候通过上下文可以明显地看出动名词动作和谓语动作的先后时间关系,或 者在一些动词(如 remember,forget,regret)和动词短语(如 excuse sb.for,thank sb.for)中,尽管动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动作Z前,我们也常用其一般式来代替完成式,或者两种形式通用。
如:Thank you very much for having helped me a lot.= Thank you very much for helping me a lot•谢谢你帮 了 我这么多忙考点4动名 词的 语态动名词的主动式表示主动意义,被动式表示被动意义活学活用】13.找出下列句子中的错误并改正1) He is very busy write his papers.2) No one can finish draw a picture in only two minutes.3) They have decided visiting the Palace Museum.14.选择1) (2006 北京高考,35)1 carft stand with Jane in the same office.She just refuses talking while she works.A.working;stopping B.to work;stoppingC.working;to stop D.to work;to stop2) Fve enjoyed to talk with you.A.to be able B.bcing ableC.to been able D.of being able3) They are considering before the prices go up.A.bought the house B.buy the houseC.buying the house D.to buy the house4) (2006 陕西髙考,13)It is difficult to imagine his the decision without anyconsideratio n.A.accept B.accepting C.to accept D.accepted5) Your shirt needs .You'd better have it done today.A.iron B.to iron C.ironing D.being ironed 答案与解析:13.1) write—>writing be busy doing sth.忙于做某事。
2) draw—>drawing finish接动名词作宾语,不接不定式3) visiting—>to visit decide接动词不定式作宾语14.1) C stand接动词时,要接动词的・ing形式作宾语,排除B和D;由refuse后接动词作 宾语吋,必须接动词的不定式形式,排除Ao2) B enjoy接动词作宾语时,要接动词的・ing形式No pleasure without pain.没有苦就没有-乐3) C consider要接动词的・ing形式即动名词作宾语4) B imagine后接动名词作宾语5) C need doing sth。












