新概念英语语法-句型.doc

The Sentences知识要点：句子按使用的目的可分为四类：1、陈述句 2、疑问句 3、祈使句 4、感叹句从结构上看句子可分为三种类型：1、简单句 2、并列句 3、复合句一、句子的种类（Kinds of Sentences）1、陈述句：（1）肯定句：We love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国2）否定句：They don’t go to work on Sundays. 他们星期日不上班说明：叙述或否定一个事实或看法2、疑问句：（1）一般疑问句：Are you a worker? 你是个工人吗？Yes, I am. 是的，我是工人Haven’t you seen the film? No, I haven’t. 你没看过这部电影吗？没看过说明：以一个助动词，情态动词或动词be开始的问句回答要用yes或no2）特殊疑问句：Who is the man? 这人是谁？When do you watch TV? 你什么时间看电视？What are they doing now? 他们现在正在干什么？说明：以一个疑问代词或疑问副词开头的句子一般要用倒装句语序（或称为疑问词加一般疑问句）（3）选择疑问句：Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水还是要咖啡？哪种都行。

Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 他学日语还是学法语？他学法语说明：提出两个或两个以上的情况，选择一个作为答案4）反意疑问句：They are going to the airport, aren’t they? 他们要去机场，是吗？You haven’t finished your homework, have you? 你没做完作业，是吗？说明：提出情况或看法问对方是否同意在陈述句后附加一个简短的疑问句，即前面句子肯定，后为否定；前面句子否定，后为肯定He seldom went to bed at ten, did he? 他很少在十点钟上床睡觉？是吗？He knows little Russian, does he? 他几乎不懂俄语，是吗？说明：当陈述句部分含有never, no, hardly, seldom, little等否定意义的副词时，附加问句用肯定形式5）祈使句：a．陈述句：Be sure to get there at eight. 八点钟一定要到那儿b．否定句：Don’t worry. I’ll help you out. 别担心，我会帮助你的。

说明：表示命令，请求，叮嘱，号召等，谓语动词用原形6）感叹句：what + n.：What great changes we have had these years! 这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊！What a fine day it is! 多好的天呀！how + adj.：How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀！how + adv. ：How hard they are working! 他们工作多努力呀！How time flies! 时间过得多么快呀！How + adj. + a (an) + n.How nice a boy (he is)！=What a nice boy he is! 多么好的孩子啊！说明：表示说话时惊异，喜悦，气忿等情绪what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词或句子二、句子的类型（Types of Sentences）1、简单句的句子的类型：一个主语+一个谓语，例：The girl plays the piano every day. 那女孩每天弹钢琴两个主语+一个谓语，例：Tom and I are good friends. 汤姆和我是好朋友。

一个主语+两个谓语，例：He opened the door and left. 他打开门出去了两个主语或两个谓语或更多，例：Mr and Mrs Smith went to the market, bought some fruit and visited their friends. 史密斯夫妇去市场，买了些水果，并看望了朋友结构特殊：只含有一个词或一个词组，例：Hello! 喂！Help! Help! 救命啊！救命！Many thanks. 万分感谢2、简单句的基本句型（The Basic Sentence Patterns）句型结构：（1）主语+不及物动词：S + Vi.，例：Birds fly. 鸟飞 They disappeared. 他们消失了2）主 + 连系动词 + 表语：S + V + P，例：She is a university student. 她是一名大学生He has become a pilot. 他已成为一名飞行员3）主 + 及物动词 + 宾语：S + Vt + O，例：He likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳We help each other. 我们互相帮助。

4）主 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语：S + Vt + O + O，例：I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告诉了我的朋友They sent us a telegram. 他们给我们拍了电报5）主 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 补语：S + Vt + O + C，例：They named the boy Jack. 他们给孩子起名叫杰克I want everything ready by eight o’clock. 我要求一切都要在八点前准备好注：S = Subject（主语）Vi=Intransitive Verbs（不及物动词）Vt=Transitive Verb（及物动词）P=Predicative（表语）O=Object（宾语）C=Complement补语重点、难点：否定陈述句要注意下列几点：（1）否定陈述句主要是在肯定句中加not或no (= not a /any) 构成的，除not和no外，用具有否定意义的副词也可构成否定陈述句常用的词有hardly, seldom, never, little, scarcely, barely, rarely等。

2）其他成分的否定形式有些句子的结构上属于肯定式，但含有否定意义的词，可分以下几种否定的主语：Nobody will agree with you. 没人同意你的意见None of the students like the novel. 没有学生喜欢这本小说No student here studies Russian. 这里没有一个学生学俄语否定的宾语：We saw nothing in the darkness. 在黑暗中我们什么都看不见He will borrow the book from nobody. 他从谁那都借不来这本书You must remember not to be late for class. 你必须记住上课不准迟到否定的状语：They came here not by bike but on foot. 他不是骑车来的而是走着来的We could find him nowhere. 我们什么地方也找不到他3）不定代词all, both, everyone或everybody用于否定句时，表示部分否定All the trees here are not apple trees. ( = Not all the trees here are apple trees. )这里的树并非都是苹果树。

有的是苹果树，有的不是Both of the sisters are not nurses. ( = Not both of the sisters are nurses.)这姐儿俩并不都是护士Everybody can’t do it. (= Not everybody can do it. )并不是人人都能做这件事专项训练】：一、陈述句和疑问句：1、They happy when they hear the news. A．will B．will be C．were D．don’t2、—— “ Is your uncle a driver?” —— “ .” A．No, but my aunt is B．Yes, but my aunt is C．No, he doesn’t D．Yes, he does3、We satisfied with their work. A．don’t B．are not C．won’t D．weren’t being4、He coffee at all. He tea. A．doesn’t like, prefers B．likes, doesn’t prefer C．would like, not prefers D．prefers, is not fond of5、She me only twice since last year. A．sees B．was seeing C．has seen D．have seen6、My grandma in the country. Now she in the city. A．used to live, lives B．used to living, lived C．uses to live, is living D．was used to live, lives7、You make such mistakes again. A．should never B．should not always C．would always not D．would not forever8、 “Can you drive a car?” “ .” A．Yes, and Jim can’t too B．Yes, but Jim can’t C．No, but Jim can, too D．No, but Jim can’t9、 “Are you going to the super market?” “No, .” A．I cycle there B．I walk there C．to the work D．I’ve already been there10、In England tea with milk or sugar in it. A．usually drinks B．is usually drunk C．usually is drunk D．drank usually11、 “Is she going to the post office?” “No, .” A．she doesn’t B．she goes by bike C．to the shops D．she’s on the bike12、Tom like reading at all. He interested in playing basketball. A．doe。