
初中英语句子结构_.ppt
20页GrammarGrammarsentences句子成份句子成份★ ★ 句子一般由两个部分组成:句子一般由两个部分组成:主语部分(主语部分( subject group))谓语部分(谓语部分( predicate group))★ 句子成份:句子成份:主主·· 谓谓·· 宾宾·· 表表补补定定·· 状状··Members of sentence: S --- subjectP --- predicative O --- objectAttri.---attributeAdv.--- adverb Oc --- object complement 主主··宾宾··表表补补定定··状状··1) 主语(主语(subject))I like football.The boy needs a pen. 句子的主体,全句述说的对象一般由句子的主体,全句述说的对象一般由 担任担任, ,常置于句首常置于句首2) 谓语(谓语(predicate))说明主语的动作或状态由说明主语的动作或状态。
由 担任常置于主语后常置于主语后 The train leaves at 6 o’clock.I want a ticket.,动词不定式动词不定式,动名词动名词 或从句或从句名词名词,主格代词主格代词动词动词3) 宾语宾语(object)4) 表语表语(predicative)He won the game. On the desk表示表示vt.的动作对象或的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象所联系的对象由由n.或相当于或相当于n.的词担任置于的词担任置于vt.或或prep.后Tome lost his life in the big fire.He is a student.用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等由由n.n.或或adj.adj.担任置于系动词之后置于系动词之后 除了除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,1)表表感官的动词感官的动词:2) 表表转变变化转变变化的动词的动词:3)表表延续延续的动词的动词feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。
等become, get, grow, turn, go,等等remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等等5) 宾补(宾补(objective complement)) 补充说明宾语的情况补充说明宾语的情况 由由n. /adj. /n. /adj. /介宾介宾 / /分词分词 / /不定式等担任不定式等担任They made him king.‹ ›I consider the book too expensive.‹ ›6) 定语(定语(attributive))对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用汉语中常用‘‘…………的的’’表示表示, ,通常位于被修饰的成分前通常位于被修饰的成分前The black bike is mine.( )说明说明1:当定语修饰不定代词如::当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something 等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语 我告诉他一些有趣的事情。
我告诉他一些有趣的事情 I tell him something interesting . 说明说明2::不定式、短语或从句不定式、短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后 这间屋子里的男孩子们是这间屋子里的男孩子们是10班的 The boys in the room are in Class Ten. 7) 状语(状语(adverbial))用以修饰用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句及全句,位置灵活位置灵活通常在句子基本结构通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;之后,强调时放在句首;修饰修饰形容词或副词形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示表示时间、地点、目的的状语时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,首,一些表示不确定时间(如:一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:)或程度(如:almost)的副)的副词状语通常位于词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前I am very sorry.We often help him. When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher . (从句作时间状语(从句作时间状语) 句子类型句子类型简单句并列句复合句Ⅰ.Ⅰ.简单句简单句1. Things changed.2. Trees are green.3. We don’t beat children.4. He gave his sister the piano.5. I found the book easy. 主 + 谓主 + 谓 + 表主 + 谓 + 宾主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语‹ ‹ › ›主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go. PracticePractice‹ ›主 + 谓主 + 谓 + 表主 + 谓 + 宾主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补Ⅱ.Ⅱ.并列句并列句This is me and these are my friends. They must stay in water, or they will die. It’s not cheap, but it is very good. It was late, so I went to bed. andorbut soHe knocked at the door; there was no answer.You’re alive! And she’s dead.名词性从句名词性从句状语从句状语从句定语从句定语从句主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句宾语从句宾语从句同位语从句同位语从句Ⅲ.Ⅲ.复合句复合句A plane is a machine that can fly.He said that he didn’t like her.状语从句状语从句分为九类:分为九类:时间、地点、原因、结果、时间、地点、原因、结果、 目的、条件、让步、方式、程度目的、条件、让步、方式、程度1) 时间状语从句时间状语从句Wait until you are called.When spring came, leaves turn green.常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:as, after, before, since, till/ until, when, while, as soon as, whenever等等2) 地点状语从句地点状语从句Put it where you found it.Sit down wherever you like.常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:where, wherever, anywhere3) 原因状语从句原因状语从句As I didn’t know the way, I asked a policeman常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:because, as, since4) 结果状语从句结果状语从句I was in the bath so that I didn’t hear the telephone.常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:so, so that, such that, that 5) 目的状语从句目的状语从句I’ll show you so you will see how it’s done.常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:so, so that, in order that6) 条件状语从句条件状语从句If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:if, unless, in case that, on condition that…常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:though, although, if even if, even though,7) 让步状语从句让步状语从句Though I’m fond of music,I can’t play any instrument.常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:as, as if, as though, how常用的关联词有:常用的关联词有:so, so that, as far as, so long as8) 方式状语从句方式状语从句He did just as you told him.9) 程度状语从句程度状语从句So long as you need me, I’ll stay. Homework1.复习今天所学的句子结构2.自行复习名词性从句的内容(必修三)3.看试卷,做相应知识点.。












