电磁场与微波技术_绪论_南京大学电子科学与工程学院(2010版).pdf

2010. AUTUMN ©2010 by Y. J. FENG 1/54 40-50%期末考试 30-40%期中考试 20%课堂+作业 成绩构成 办公室：办公室：鼓楼物理楼510， Tel：83686290. yjfeng@ 教师：教师：凡金龙（09研）：kingloong_van@ 《电磁场理论与微波技术》电磁场理论与微波技术》 无线电物理、电磁场与微波技术、声学、电路与系统、生物医学工程无线电物理、电磁场与微波技术、声学、电路与系统、生物医学工程 ———— 硕士研究生考试专业课可选科目硕士研究生考试专业课可选科目 2010. AUTUMN ©2010 by Y. J. FENG 2/54 绪 论绪 论 电磁场理论微波技术电磁场理论微波技术 电磁场理论: 概念、内涵、历史电磁场理论: 概念、内涵、历史 2010. AUTUMN ©2010 by Y. J. FENG 3/54 电动力学 电磁学 数字电路 高频电路 模拟电路 电路基础 1．电磁场理论和电路理论1．电磁场理论和电路理论 无线电的理论体系 电路理论电磁场理论 无线电的理论体系 电路理论电磁场理论 对象 内容 方法 2010. AUTUMN ©2010 by Y. J. FENG 4/54 电路理论电路理论 对象电路元件：电感、电容、电阻等集总参数无源元件和电 源构成。

研究内容节点电压、支路电流响应、随时间(t)频率的变化 用以克希霍夫定律为基础的电路理论求解 高通滤波器 频率 传输系数 频率 信号频谱 2010. AUTUMN ©2010 by Y. J. FENG 5/54 电磁场理论电磁场理论 对象电磁场：在连续介质中所发生的电磁状态和过程 研究内容电场和磁场随空间 (x,y,z) 和时间(t)的变化 Maxwell方程 + 边界条件， CAD 数值计算 微 带 线 带 通 滤 波 器 2010. AUTUMN ©2010 by Y. J. FENG 6/54 电磁场理论和电路理论是相互区别，但又是相辅相成的电磁场理论和电路理论是相互区别，但又是相辅相成的 两者是等效的，统一的 电路理论的概念和方法可以用于电磁场微波技术中： 等效电压、等效电流、阻抗等参数的运用；等效电路的运用： 场问题  电路问题，求解方便微波网络的运用 在低频下，电感、电容的计算；信号的辐射和传播；相邻电路的 耦合等问题，要用场的理论来解决 微带传输线 2010. AUTUMN ©2010 by Y. J. FENG 7/54 2. 电磁场理论发展史电磁场理论发展史Some Milestones magnet could induce electricity. First electric motor. 1831Michael Faraday 磁与电的联系 Ampère's law. Described mathematically the magnetic force between two circuits. 1820André Marie Ampère discovered a connection between electricity and magnetism. moved a wire carrying an electric current near a magnetic compass needle, the needle tended to turn at right angles to the wire. 1820H. C. Ørsted 奥斯特 电与磁的联系 2010. AUTUMN ©2010 by Y. J. FENG 8/54 电磁场理论发展史电磁场理论发展史 Some Milestones generated radio waves with an electric spark, transmitted them the length of his laboratory, and made them produce a smaller spark at his receiver. 1886 Heinrich Hertz 电磁场的实验验证 phenomena of the photoelectric effect; relativity theory. 为纪念爱因斯坦撰写相对论等论文 100周年，2005年已被宣布为“世界 物理年” http://www.wyp2005.org 1905Albert Einstein 光电效应 相对论电磁理论 wrote equations that described the electromagnetic field, and predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves traveling with the speed of light. 1873 James Clerk Maxwell 电磁场理论建立 2010. AUTUMN ©2010 by Y. J. FENG 9/54 微波技术: 概念、内涵、历史、特点微波技术: 概念、内涵、历史、特点 2010. AUTUMN ©2010 by Y. J. FENG 10/54 微波是电磁波频谱中无线电波的一个分支 微波 “Microwave” 一词最早出现于1931 年。

in a paper published by the International Telephone and Telegraph describing an 18-cm wavelength radio link from Dover, U.K. to Calais, France. Terminal of micro-ray link, Dover, U.K. to Calais, France, 1931 (courtesy of ITT) 2010. AUTUMN ©2010 by Y. J. FENG 11/54 微波技术发展史微波技术发展史 Some Milestones World War II: The Physicists' War 雷达 1930s, several laboratories developed early versions of radar sets, including the U.S Naval Research Laboratory. in the late 1930s a secret network of radars was constructed along the southern and eastern English coast. Called Chain Home, these radars used shortwave pulses about 25 meters (82 feet) long) to detect incoming flights of German bombers. 谐振腔磁控微波管 (Cavity magnetron) generated hundreds of watts of power at microwave frequencies. 2010. AUTUMN ©2010 by Y. J. FENG 12/54 微波技术发展史微波技术发展史 Some Milestones Post World War II: Military Applications Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States Distant Early Warning Line or DEW Line. During the Gulf War Patriot missiles disabled a number of SCUD missiles aimed at targets in Israel. 2010. AUTUMN ©2010 by Y. J. FENG 13/54 微波技术发展史微波技术发展史 Some Milestones Post World War II: Military Applications 隐身技术 Stealth technology GPS systems 2010. AUTUMN ©2010 by Y. J. FENG 14/54 微波技术发展史微波技术发展史 Some Milestones Post World War II: Commercial Applications of Microwaves 微波炉 microwave oven微波集成电路MMIC 通信导航电视广播遥感等等 2010. AUTUMN ©2010 by Y. J. FENG 15/54 微波是电磁波谱中的一部分微波是电磁波谱中的一部分 2010. AUTUMN ©2010 by Y. J. FENG 16/54 微波是电磁波谱中的一部分微波是电磁波谱中的一部分 2010. AUTUMN ©2010 by Y. J. FENG 17/54 2．电磁波的频谱2．电磁波的频谱 0.01Å 以下  射线 射线 0.01～30 Å X 射线X 射线 30～4000 Å 紫外线紫外线 4000～7600 Å 可见光可见光 0.76m～2.5 m近红外 2.5 ～ 25 m中红外 25 m ～ 1mm远红外 红外线红外线 300～～3000GHz 0.1～～1mm 亚毫米波亚毫米波 30～～300GHz1～～10mm毫米波毫米波 3～～30GHz1～～10cm厘米波厘米波 300～～3000MHz1～～10dm分米波分米波 微波微波 30～300MHz1～10m超短波 3～30MHz10～100m短波 300～3000kHz100～1000m中波 30～300kHz1～10km长波 10km超长波 无线电波 电磁波 无线电波 电磁波 频率范围波长范围名称频率范围波长范围名称 2010. AUTUMN ©2010 by Y. J. FENG 18/54 1MHz =10 Hz, 1GHz =10 Hz, 1THz =10 Hz 6912 W follows V in the alphabet 75 to 110 GHzW V for “very“ high frequency band (not to be confused with VHF)40 to 75 GHzV Ka for “kurz-above“. 26 to 40 GHzKa German “kurz“ means short, yet another reference to short wavelength. 18 to 26 GHzK Ku for “kurz-under“. 12 to 18 GHzKu Used in WW II for fire control, X for cross (as in crosshair) 8 to 12 GHzX C for “compromise“ between S and X band.4 to 8 GHzC S for “short“ wave. Don't confuse this with the short wave radio band, which is much lower in frequency 2 to 4 GHzS L for “long“ wave.0.5 to 1.5 GHzL P for “previous“, as the British used the band for the earliest radars, but later switched to higher frequencies. 250 to 500 MHzP Unkno。