“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解[基础教学].doc

It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解 “It” 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年高考的热点，因此应给予充分的重视，现将it用法归纳如下： 　　一、It用作实词　　表达以下概念：指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this，that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象……　　二、It用作形式主语　　替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾　　It 作形式主语的常见句型：　　1. 代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为　　（1）It be adj.（for sb.）to do sth.　　此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，right，wrong，important，unimportant，legal，illegal，well-mannered，ill-mannered，polite，impolite，clear，obvious，certain，suitable，proper，fit，useful，useless，dangerous…　　例 It is illegal（for a teenager）to drive a car without a license.　　（2）It be adj. of sb. to do sth.　　此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，thoughtful，thoughtless，careful，careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever，wise，crazy.　　例 It's kind of you to help me with the problem.　　（3）It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型　　It's no good/use doing…　　It's（well）worth doing…　　It's（well）worth one's while doing/to do…　　It's（well）worth while doing/ to do　　例 It's no use crying over spilt milk.　　2. It替代作主语的从句常见句型　　（1）It is + noun +从句　　例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office.　　（2）It is adj. +clause　　It's surprising that…（should）… ……竟然……　　It's a pity/shame that…（should）… ……竟然……　　例 It's important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.（=It's of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.）　　（3）It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause　　It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze　　/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that…　　例 It worried me that she drove so fast.（= It was worrying that she drove so fast.）　　（4）It verb（to sb.）that…= sb/sth verb to do　　（verb = appear，seem，come about，emerge，follow，chance，happen，occur，transpire，turn out ，work out）　　例 It（so）happened/chanced that they were out.（= They happened/chanced to be out.）　　（5）It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do　　（verb=say，report，think，believe，hope，expect，agree，accept，decide，determine，intend，plan，understand，know）　　例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.（=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.）　　（6）It is v-ed that …（should）…　　（verb=demand，request，require，order，suggest，advise，recommend　　例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question.“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解2007-05-01 17:14:05.0中国高中生网() 　三、It作主语的句型 　　1. It takes sb. … to do…（=sb takes…to do…）某人用多长时间做某事　　例 It took the men a week to mend our roof.（= The men took a week to mend our roof.）　　2. It's（just）（un）like sb. to do…（不）像某人做某事的风格　　例 It was（just）like him to think of helping us.　　3. It's（about/high）time that… should /v-ed…是该做某事的时候了　　例 It's（about/high）time that we should take action.　　4. It's the x-th time（that）… have v-ed…第几次做某事了　　例 It's the third time that he has failed the driving test.　　5. It is/has been… since …continuous v-ed（延续性动词）某动作已有多长时间不发生了　　例 It's 10 years that he lived here　　6. It was（not）… before…过（不）了多长时间某动作发生了　　例 It was not long before they arrived.　　四、It 作形式宾语　　用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。

　　It 作形式宾语的常见句型：　　1. verb+ it+ adj./noun（for/of）to do/clause （verb=think，believe，suppose，consider，feel，make，keep…）　　例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that you'll do the task on your own.　　2. verb+it+adj./noun（one's）doing（adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile）（noun=no use/no good/worth one's while/a waste of time/money/energy/words）（verb=think，believe，suppose，consider，feel，make，keep…）　　例 I'll make it worth your while telling me about his secret.　　3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that …（should）…　　verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that…（should）…　　（verb=think，believe，suppose，consider，feel，make，keep…）　　例 I think it important that you（should）attendthe conference.　　4. verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause（verb=accept，regard，take，see，view）　　例 The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.　　5. v. +it + prep. + that…　　owe it to sb. that…把…归功于…　　leave it to sb that…把…留给某人去做　　take it for granted that …想当然　　keep it in mind that…　　例 Don't bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out.　　6. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词后，enjoy，like，love，dislike，resent，hate，don't mind，be fond of，feel like，see to 宾语从句紧跟it之后　　例 I hate it you can swim so well and I can't.　　7. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面，宾语从句紧跟it之后（except that例外）　　例 I'm for it that you will follow their advice.　　五、强调句型　　It is/was+被强调部分+ that（who）… 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。

当被强调部分是人时也可以用who.　　在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点：　　1. 请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句　　例 When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity？　　2. 在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从句　　例 It was because he was ill that he didn't come to school yesterday.　　3. 在强调not … until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上　　例 It was not until she took off her dark glas。