现在完成时讲解及练习88888.docx

Unit 9:现在完成时讲解一. 基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词（done）二. 句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语：Yes,主语+ have/has.（肯定）No,主语 + haven't/hasn't.（否定）三. 用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money （so far）.（含义是:现在我没有钱花了 .）Guo zijun has （just/already） come.（含义：郭子君现在在这儿）My father has gone to work.（含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿）（2）现在完成时可以 用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的，持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词 表示）常与for （ +时间段）,since （+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.① for+时段② since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从 以来）（3） since+ 时段 +ago④since+从句（过去时）•⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days,I have lived here since 1998,四. has gone （to）,has been （to）, has been （in）的区另llHave/Has gone（to）:去了（现在不在说话现场）Where is your father ? He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been （to）:去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.五. 现在完成时的标志1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响，用以下四大标志词可以表达这 种含义：* 以 already, just 和 yet 为标志He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。

He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影He hasn't come back yet. 他还没有回来以ever和never为标志This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA three times.他说他已经去过美国三次了以so far （到目前为止）为标+beforeHe has got to Beijing so far, 至目前为止他已至了北京She has passed the examso far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试2. 过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在，甚至有可能继续延续下去，我们可以从动作“延续”的特 性和“时间”点段的区分入手，进一步学习现在完成时①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点（过去 从句）为标志注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,last week, three yea rs ago等；2)不能与when连用2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用六. 过去分词1、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则 相同。

四点变化规则：(1) 、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”work—worked—worked ,visit—visited—visited(2) 、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”live—lived—lived ,(3) 、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y"变为”i”，再加“ ed ”study—- studied—- studied ,cry—cried—cried(4) 、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加 “ edstop—- stopped—- stopped , drop—dropped—dropped2、不规则动词：AAA型原型过去式过去分词burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let letcast cast castcost cost costcut cut cuthit hit hitput put putset set setshut shut shutspread spread spreadread read read read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/AAB型beat beat beatenABA型become became becomerun ran runcome came come特殊情况ABB型bring brought broughtbuy bought boughtbuild built builtburn burnt burntcatch caught caughtdig dug dugfeel felt feltfight fought foughtfind found foundhear heard heardhold held heldkeep kept keptlay laid laidlead led ledlose lost lostmake made mademeet met metsell sold soldshoot shot shotsit sat satstand stood stoodsweep swept swept teach taught taught tell told told think thought thought win won won ABC型 begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken choose chose chosen draw drew drawn drive drove driven drink drank drunk fly flew flown forgive forgave forgiven forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen give gave given grow grew grown know knew known ride rode ridden rise rose risen ring rang rung shake shook shaken sing sang sung sink sank sunk swim swam swum throw threw thrown write wrote writtengo ,leave,join)不能直接与for since连用。

七. 瞬间动词 (buy,die,join,come ,要改变动词buy——have borrow keepcome/arrive/reach/get to bego out——be out begin be onopen——be opendie——be dead★ 1 .have 代替 buyMy brother hasleave ——befinish——beclose beawayoverclosedhad(不能用has★2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrowI have kept(不能用 have borrowed)★ 3、用 be 替代 becomebought) this bike for almost four years.the book for quite a few days.teacher?How long has your sister been a ★4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.★5、用 wear 代替 put onb) 用“be +形容词”代终止性动词1、be + married 代 marry 2、be + ill 代 fall (get) ill3、be + dead 代 die 4、be + asleep 代 fall (get) asleep5、be + awake 代 wake/wake up 6、be + gone 代 lose,die,sell,leave7、be + open 代 open 8、be closed 代 close/shut9、be + missing(gone,lost) 代 losec) 用“be +副词”代终止性动词l"be + on"代 start,begin2“be + up” 代 get up3"be+ back(to)"代 return to,come back to,go back to4"be here (there)"代 come(arrive,reach,get) here 或 go (arrive,reach,get) there 等等d) 用“be +介词短语”代终止性动词l. "be in/at + 地点"代替 go to /come tosw.member /the leag2. 用 be in the army 代替 join the army3. "be in/at + 地点"代替 move to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表:1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to —have been in sw./at...相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned — have been back3. have come/gone out —have been out4. have become f have been5. have closed / opened— have been close/open6. have got up — have been up ；7. have died — have been dead ；8. have left sw. — have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep — have been asleep ；10. have finished/ended/completed — have been over ；11. havemarri ed f have been married ；12. have started/begun to do sth。