2023年天津职称英语考试真题卷.docx

2023年天津职称英语考试真题卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.A Long and Expensive War 2.Language and Communication 3.How to Determine a Topic for Research 4.Language and Communication 5.Phobia 6.A Long and Expensive War 7.How to Read Books 8.How to Determine a Topic for Research 9.Language and Communication 10.How to Read Books 11.Phobia 12.How to Determine a Topic for Research 13.A Long and Expensive War 14.Language and Communication 15.Language and Communication 16.Language and Communication 17.Language and Communication 18.Language and Communication 19.Language and Communication 20.Language and Communication 21.Language and Communication 22.Language and Communication 23.Language and Communication 24.The passage mentions all of the following factors for the existence of life EXCEPT().A. the right amount of atmosphere.B. a steady supply of water.C. steady heat and light.D. the right distance from the sun.25.Ford’s Assembly LineWhen it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives, you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influenced all manufacturing, everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make carsone, strange to say, that originated in slaughterhouses (屠宰场).Back in the early 1900%, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a disassembly line. Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell of the University of Delaware, an expert on industrial development, tells what happened:The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assembly team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person.Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed (拖，拉) past workers who completed them’ one piece at a time. It wasn’t long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to $260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers over the world copied him. In fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitled Today and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile has arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation (自动化), everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.Which of the following statements about Henry Ford is NOT true().A. He introduced a new way of production.B. He influenced all manufacturing.C. He inspired other auto makers.D. He changed the minds of historians.26.Eat More, Weigh Less, Live LongerClever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near-starvation diet prolongs the life of many animals.Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston, US, and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan (寿命) of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodent’s (啮齿动物) increase of fat in specific cells. This suggests that thinnessand not necessarily dietpromotes long life in calorie (热量卡) restricted animals.It’s very coal work, says aging researcher Cynthia Kenyon of the University of California, San Francisco. These mice eat all they want, lose weight and live longer. It’s like heaven.Calorie restriction .dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents. Whether this works in humans is still unknown, partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet.But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less .food leads to a longer life. One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells. But kahn’s team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin:To find out, they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin (胰岛素) receptor (受体) gene in lab micebut only in their fat cells. Since insulin is needed to help fat cells store fat, these animals were protected against becoming fat, explains Kahn.This slight gen。