高中英语语法—句子成分详解.doc

高中英语语法—句子成分详解组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语，同位语等顺序一般是：主语→谓语→宾语→宾语补足语；表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定 1、主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，是句子中动作或状态的主体一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式，现在分词和从句（主语从句）充当 Beijing is a beautiful city.He likes watching TV.One and four is five.To see is to believe.Smoking will hurt you heath..What you said is wrong.2、谓语 谓语说明主语的动作，行为或所处的状态谓语一般位于主语之后，谓语中最重要的部分是谓语动词，它有时态、语态和语气的变化，并受主语人称和数的影响 一般可分为两类： 1)一般谓语是由一个动词或动词词组( 及物和不及物)来充当Lucy smiled.Tom doesn’t like music.She got here at six. He has fallen in love with her.2)有些谓语由“情态动词＋动词原形 ”构成 I can speak a little English. You must be carful.3、宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定,现在分词和从句（宾语从句） 。

We like English.He often helps me. If you add 5 to 5, you get 10.Remember to close the window.I enjoy listening to music very much. 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语 He gave me some ink. 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个宾语补足语(宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语，可由名词，形容词，分词，不定式充当)意思才完整如： We make him our monitor. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.I will have my hair cut.My mother asked me to finish my homework.4、表语 表语位于连系动词后，用来说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语，分词和从句（表语从句） My sister is a nurse.Money isn’t everything.The food tastes delicious.To see is to believe.His hobby is painting.The question is whether it is worth doing.★ 连系动词主要有 be，keep，look, smell, taste, sound, feel, remain(仍是，保持), seem(好像) ，lie(处于) ，appear(呈现)； become, get, turn, fall（变成） ，come( 实现) ，grow( 变成) ，turn out等。

5、定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，动词不定式，介词短语, 分词和从句（定语从句）等形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面 He is a new student. His name is LI Lei.Our office is on the 12th floor.Her promise to write was forgotten.This is a map of China.Look at the man sitting on the rock.He was the first person that passed the exam.6、状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的词、短语或从句（状语从句） ，叫状语状语在句中可以表示：时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、比较、方向以及伴随等情况能担任状语的有：副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句（状语从句） 判断下面句子中划线部分是什么状语)He left school in 1995Let’s sit under this tree.I got to school by bike.He was late because he missed the bus.Tom run out to chase his brother.If you come, I will go to get you by myself.Speak loudly, please.7、同位语同位语指两个或两个以上的词语，指同一事物，同一个句子成分。

同位语可由名词，名词性短语，句子（同位语从句）充当This is my cousin, Helen. She was born in Berkeley, a small town in California.We heard the news that our team had won.。