非谓语动词语法整理.docx
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精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上Non-finite Verbs非谓语动词（英语八班王晴怡）一、非谓语动词的三种基本形式的含义 1）to do：表示要做或去做，表个别行为，表目的； 2）doing：做了，经常做，用来做，或一般行为（动名词） 表主动含义“正在做”，形容词化翻译成“令人…的”（现在分词）； 3）done： 表示被动含义“被做”或“已做”“已被做”，形容词化后翻译成“(某人)感到…的”或“被…的”或“已…的”（表语、定语、状语）二、非谓语动词的各种变形一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to doto have doneto be doing被动to be doneto have been doneing 形式主动doinghaving done被动being donehaving been done过去分词被动done动名词与现在分词的区别主要是：1. 动名词充当主语，宾语，和同位语现在分词充当状语和补语两者都可以做定语，但是意义不同作定语时，动名词说明被修饰的名词的用途；现在分词说明名词的动作，即它和名词在逻辑上有主谓关系 a sleeping car=a car used for sleeping 一节卧车车厢，即一个用于睡觉的车 （sleeping为动名词表用途 ） a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping 一个睡着的孩子，即一个正在睡觉的孩子 （sleeping为现在分词表正在进行的动作 ）2.动名词具有名词的性质。
现在分词则没有①动名词和名词一样有a, the, my, this, Tom’s, the, some, much, a lot of等词语修饰：I usually do some cleaning on Sunday. 我通常在周日打扫卫生Do you do much fishing? 你常常钓鱼吗？He showed me a picture of his own painting. 他拿出来他自己绘画的一张照片给我看A knocking at the door was heard. 一阵敲门声被听到了②动名词和名词一样有所有格、复数形式：He enjoys reading for reading’s sake, not for scholarship. 他喜欢阅读是因为阅读的好处，而不是因为奖学金He is so busy that I can’t keep track of all his comings and goings. 他是如此的繁忙以至于我无法弄清楚他的来来去去三、非谓语动词的逻辑主语1. 如果to do的逻辑驻足于就是句子的主语或者宾语，正常使用主格和宾格如果不是，则写成for/of sb to do。
She wants you to call him later.她让我之后给他打①如果形容词修饰人，则用of sb，如果形容词修饰to do这件事，则用for sb. 如，It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street. 对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险It’s difficult for us to finish the work. 对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难②形容词描述人的品质、性格、感情或者态度，用of sb，形容词和sb有主表关系用于此句型的形容词主要有：clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, polite, selfish, silly, right, wrong, thoughtful, wise, generous, rude, brave，careless，patient等，如，It’s brave of him to save the child from the fire. 从大火中救出这个孩子，他真勇敢It’s foolish of her to say so. 这么说话他真愚蠢。
2. 如果doing的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，正常使用主格如果不是则在doing前加上形容词性物主代词或’s所有格：my/Tom‘s doing，如果逻辑主语是句子的宾语既可使用宾格也可以使用my/Tom‘s doingI have finished reading the book. 我已经读完了这本书Would you mind me/my/Tom’s opening the window？你介意我/我/Tom开窗吗？四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前直接加not或never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing当前面有逻辑主语时，not或者never放在逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间如：Not swimming in the river in summer is good for you. 在夏天不在河里游泳对你有处He told the children not to play in the street. 他叫孩子们不要在街上玩耍He apologized for his not being able to arrive on time. 他因没能按时到来而道歉。
五．不同非谓语动词在句中做相同成分时的区别1、非谓语动词做主语Ø 不定式(to do)和动名词(v-ing)作主语的区别1)不定式和动名词可以在句中充当主语, 但过去分词(done)却不可以 To know oneself is difficult. （不定式） Working on such a hot day is no easy job. （动名词）2)不定式(to)一般表示具体或一次性动作, 而动名词(v-ing)则表示一般或抽象的多次动作 Not being tall should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.3)不定式和动名词都可以用it来代替作形式主语It is not good to smoke so much.It is useless speaking.注：动名词(v-ing)常在以下两个结构中做主语： It is no use/ no good/ fun/ a waste of time/ a good pleasure等名词+ doing It is useless/ nice/ interesting/ worthwhile/ good等形容词+doingeg: It is a waste of time seeing that movie. It is so good to talk to you.4)动名词(v-ing)也可在 There is/ was no + doing 结构中做主语There is no standing still in this life; one must either advance or fall behind.2、非谓语动词做宾语Ø 不定式和动名词可以作动词宾语或介词宾语。
大多数动词既能接不定式、又可接动名词作宾语，但有些动词或固定结构有特定的用法1. 动名词（v-ing）作宾语In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid being beaten1)下列动词（短语）只能接动名词或名词作宾语:Abandon ， give up ， admit ，acknowledge， confess， advocate ， avoid escape， enjoy2)非谓语动词作介词的宾语, 通常情况下要用动名词形式, 不能用不定式某些固定结构可以省略介词, 但仍然要跟动名词形式①feel like doing sth.②be/get used to doing sth. ③be busy (in) doing sth. ④spend time (in) doing sth.⑤waste/lose time (in) doing sth.⑥have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. ⑦have fun (in) doing sth. ⑧have a good time (in) doing sth. ⑨there is no point (in) doing sth. 3）下列动词后只能接不定式作宾语agree ，offer ，plan ， aim ， ask ， demand ，claim ， endeavor ， managedetermine ， resolve①Jack offered to drive his friend to the airport.②After the divorce, Mary resolved never to marry again.4) 当非谓语动词位于but, except后作宾语时, 习惯上要用不定式; 而且, 当其前有动词do（do, does, did, done）时, 则不定式不带to；若其前有动词do, 则不定式通常带to。
① We had no choice but to wait.②He never did anything at home but watch TV.③It had no effect except to make him angry.④I could do nothing except agree.5）能接不定式和动名词作宾语的动词注：有些动词后既能接不定式又能接动名词, 两者意思基本相同, 有时甚至可以互换，区别不大主要在于: 不定式一般表示具体成一次性动作, 动名词则表示一般或抽象的多次动作这类动词主要有：Like love hate prefer begin start continue bother intend注意: 在like, love, hate, prefer前有would, should时, 其后只能跟不定式 有些动词后既能接不定式又能接动名词, 但二者的意义差别很大这类动词有:go on doing …继续做某事（继续刚才的事情）go on to do… 继续去做另一件事continue doing 继续做某事（继续刚才的事情）continue to do继续去做另一件事like doing sth 喜欢做某事（经常行为，或者做了已是事实的行为）like to do sth. 喜欢去做某事(个别行为，或将来的行为)stop doing sth. 停止做某事（停止正在做的事情）stop to do sth. 停下来去去做另一件事try doing sth. 尝试做某事try to do尽力去做某事regret doing sth . 后悔做某事（为已经做过的事而感到）regret to do 遗憾要做某事（此事没做）remember doing 记得做过某事remember to do 记得要去做某事forget doing 忘记做了某事forget to do 忘记要去。
