代词和介词(语法)(共6页).doc

精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上I. 代词：（人称、物主、反身、相互、指示、不定、疑问、连接、关系）1. 人称代词：单数复数一二三一二三我你他 她 它我们你们他们 她们 它们主格Iyouhe she itweyouthey宾格meyouhim her itusyouthem注：①人称的次序：单数：you he and I; 复数：we you and they②用he或者she来代替国家、船只、动物等③用it代替婴儿2. 物主代词：单数复数一二三一二三我你他 她 它我们你们他们 她们 它们形容词性myyourhis her itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshis hers itsoursyourstheirs 3. 反身代词：（myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、ourselves、yourselves、themselves、oneself、表示“自己”） 注：固定短语中的用法all by oneself独自地、一人地；of oneself自动地；for oneself独自地、亲自地；be not oneself感觉不适） 4. 相互代词：（each other两者间；one another三者间） 5. 指示代词：（this、that、these、those、such） 注：this、that可以作程度副词表示如此、那么。

6. 不定代词：（意义型不定代词、组合型不定代词） 注：some可以接单数名词表示某一个；any可以接单数名词表示任何一个；some、any也可以作程度副词，表示一些或大约、任何 7. 疑问代词：（who、which、whose、whom、what） 8. 连接代词：（引导名词性从句who、whom、whose、what、which） 9. 关系代词：（引导定语从句who、whom、whose、that、which）II. 介词：一、四十介词：1. about：关于；四周、周围；在身边；在附近；固定短语（be about to do、how about、what about）e.g. We walked about the town. I have no money about me.2. above：高于；多于；非……力所能及;固定短语（above all）e.g. This book is above me.3. across：（方向）从表面过去；（位置）在对面；固定短语（run across）e.g. He swam across the river.4. after：（时间、顺序）在……之后；由于、鉴于；追赶、追求；依照仿照；固定短语（after all）。

e.g. After failing in the last two English tests, he decided to work harder. They named the boy after the great hero.5. against：紧靠、顶上；反对、逆向；防备6. along：沿着7. among：在……中（三者以上）；……之一（最高级）e.g. Einstein is among the greatest scientists.8. as：当作、作为；固定短语（as for）9. at：（表地点）在……；（时间）在……；（表示出于某种状态中）；（速度、价格）以、按；（动作对象）目的物；（原因）由于；（能力）擅长e.g. They are at meeting. I was surprised at the news.10. before：（时间）在……之前；（位置）在……之前、当着……的面；（顺序）先于；（选择）宁愿e.g. He made a speech before a large audience. I would die before surrendering to them.11. behind：（时间）迟于；（位置）在……后；（能力）低于、不如。

e.g. I am far behind you in English.12. below：（位置）低于；（数量、程度、价值、位次、年龄、能力等）不如e.g. He is below me in our company.13. beside：（地点）在……旁边；（比较）；与……无关；固定短语（be beside oneself with…）e.g. My trouble is nothing beside his. What you’ve said is beside the question. I am beside myself with joy.14. between：在……之间（两者）15. beyond：（时间）迟于；（位置）在……远端、在……以外；（范围）超过、为……所不及；除……之外（否、疑）e.g. He came back beyond the usual time. The book is beyond me. I know nothing beyond this.16. by：（时间）不迟于、到……为止；（位置）靠近、在……旁边；（方法、手段）用、靠、乘、通过；（运动方向）沿着、经由；（标准、度量、数量）按、以；（程度）相差。

e.g. Come and sit by me. He made a living by selling newspapers. I go by the store on my way to work. They sold the eggs by the dozen. He is taller than his father by a head.注：by后一般不用冠词the在表示按、以时，只有ton、yard、dozen前可以接the17. down：沿着、沿着……向下18. during：在……期间19. except：除……之外（排除）；固定短语（except for）20. for：（目的、目标、用途）为了……、给……；（方向、倾向、能力）向、往；（时间、距离、数量）历经、累计、达；（交换、补偿）；支持；（原因）由于；当作、作为；就……而言e.g. Here are some books for children. The plane leaves for London. We walked for miles. He bought the car for $800. What do you have for lunch? It’s too hot for April.21. from：（时间、地点的起点）从……；（距离、间隔）离；（来源、出处）从……；（动机、理由）出于；由……制成；（区别）和。

e.g. I lived 50 miles away from school. I am from Shenyang. I did so just from a sense of duty. Cheese is made from milk.22. in：（场所、地点）在……里；（时间）在……、在……后、在……期间；（状态、情况、服饰）在……中；处于……中；（方法、方式）用、以；（范围、领域、关系）在……上；（运动方向）进入、朝e.g. We are now in danger. He answered in a low voice. He is strong in English.23. inside：在……里面；固定短语（inside out彻底的）24. like：像、好像25. near：（时间、空间）接近、在……旁边；快要26. off：离开、脱离；在临近……的海面上注：off作副词时有关闭的意思27. on：（位置）在……上；（时间）在……；（状态）处于……状态中；（关系）关于；（动作的对象）朝；一……就……（动名词）e.g. The building is on fire. The book is on how to become a good student. The baby smiled on me. On hearing the news he phoned me.28. over：（位置）在……之上、覆盖；横跨；翻越；（时间、数量、价钱）多于；（地位高、控制、优越于）；（时间）在……期间；固定短语（over and above此外、all over遍及、遍布）e.g. He put a rug over the sleeping child. He has only a director over him. We had a talk over a cup of tea.29. past：经过；超过。

30. round=around：（运动方向）环绕、四处；（地点）周围；大约；固定短语（around the corner）e.g. He will show you around the factory.31. since：自从……32. through：（时间）从开始到结束；（空间）贯穿、从中间穿过；结束；（方法、手段）通过e.g. Are you through asking questions? He succeeded through years of hard work.33. till=until：到……为止；（否定句）直到……才e.g. He stays here till 9 o’clock. He didn’t come till 9 o’clock.34. to：（方向）向、去、往；(时间、程度、结果)到；（目的）为了；（关系）给、对；（比较）e.g. We sat down to dinner. I prefer oranges to apples.35. towards：（方向）朝；（关系）对于；（时间）将近；（目的）为了36. under：（位置）在……下；（状态）处于……过程中；（数量、年龄、重量、程度、地位等）低于；（关系）在……领导下。

e.g. The bridge is under repair. He is under ten years old. The team plays well under their new captain.37. up：向上沿着……38. upon：在……上；一……就……注：表示这两个意思时，on和upon可以互换39. with：（关系）和、和……一起；（范围）携带、附有；（工具、手段）用、以；（时间）伴随；（让步）尽管e.g. With these words he went out. With all his money, he still has no friend.40. without：（条。