英美制度异同 英汉.docx

英美制度异同对照Britain is one of the oldest capitalist countries in the world，while the United States is the most developed capitalist country in the world. Owing to their history and full development of economy, Britain and the United States have developed their respective systems of politics.45 英国是迄今世界上最古老的资本主义国家之一，而美国是当今世界最 发达的资本主义国家两国政体一脉相承，同时又因历史形成与经济 发展道路的差异，两国拥有各自不同的政治制度1300 years ago, after the British bourgeois revolution, the British start to implement democratic politics and promulgated the Constitution. The first set of western capitalist political systems created by British are praised as the source and model of the western political system. On the basis of absorbing, drawn lessons from Britain, U.S.A. has formed the most perfect political system in the contemporary capitalist countries. The political systems of Britain and the United States have the same theoretical basis ， such as natural rights and “the separation of powers” .However, in the specific political system they presented different features .99 1 300 多年前，英国资产阶级革命后，实施了民主政治，颁布了宪法。

英国创立的第一套西方资本主义政治制度体系被誉为西方政治制度的源泉与典范；美国则在吸收、借鉴英国的基础上 ,形成了当代资本主义国家中最为完善的政治制度 英美两国政治制度具有相同的理 论基础：“天赋人权”学说和“三权分立”原则；都以代议制为民主的主 要形式；政权体制都实行“分权制衡”和“法治”原则的特点但在具 体政治制度层面两国又各自呈现不同的特点一.Comparison with the constitutions 宪法比较The British constitution is the product of long-term development. It is without uniform, complete a written form, but consists of the written law and unwritten practice constitute. It mainly contains TheGreat Charter, the Bill of Rights and so on. The British constitution has some characteristics・ First, it can be modify by Parliament on anytime. Second, each political system not only refer to the previous system but also has some reformed ・ Last, the British cons titutions theory often cannot remain the same with the practical. 84英国宪法是长期发展的产物，它没有统一、完整的书面形式，而是由 成文的法律和不成文的惯例构成。

主要包括：第一、历史上带有规 约性质的宪法文件如《自由大宪章》(the Great)《权利法案》(the Biu of Rights) 等第二、由议会制定的具有宪法性质的法律如《人 身保护法》(the Habeas Corpus Act)第三、宪法性的法院判例贺威尔案(Howll'sCose)第四、普通法中的某些原则和规定第五、宪法 惯例)英国宪法具有与美国宪法不同的一些自身特点首先，英宪 随时可以被议会修改；第二，英国宪法历代制度既因袭前代制度而又 有所改革最后，英国宪法还具有名实不符的性质，就是说理论与实 际往往不能一致The United States Constitution thoroughly carry out the separation of the three powers and formulate the division of legislative, judicial and administrative. Congress, the federal court and the president's be responsible for their duties and division of labor is very clear. Congress is a legislative body first. Federal courts have a supervisory function and judicial function. The judge has constitutional status; the Supreme Court is the law enforcement agency; the president is head of a county. 76美国宪法彻底的贯彻了三权分立，规定了立法，司法和行政的分立。

国会、联邦法院和总统各司其职，分工十分明确国会首先是立法机 构联邦法院有监督性功能和司法性功能．法官享有宪法地位；最高 法院是执法机关，总统是国家元首二、 Comparison with the political party system 英美政党制度 之比较Britain is the birthplace of the modern party politics and it is a typical countries of the two-party system ・ British two important political party is the Tories and Labor. The United States is the republican and democratic ・ Britain is a constitutional monarchy county ・ The United States is democratic republicanism countries and implements presidential system. 54英国是现代政党政治的发源地，是实行两党制的典型国家。

英国政坛 两个重要政党是保守党和工党而美国则是共和党与民主党英国实 行的是君主立宪制，英国国王是世袭的国家元首从宪法规定上看， 英王独揽大权实际上是英王的一切活动要服从与内阁的安排美国 是民主共和制国家，实行的是总统制总统是国家元首，掌握国家大 权三、 Comparison with the Electoral system 英美选举制度之比较 British and American election system is to realize the power entrusted to universal suffrage, but the two countries introduced universal suffrage is different. The British general election system is in fact citizens elect MPS system, the representative organization of the king and was not elected. In United States not only theCongress but also the houses of Congress and the president aredirectly elected by the citizens. 67英美两国的选举制度都是以普选制实现权力委托的，但两国实行的普 选制也有所区别。

英国的普选制实际上只是公民选举下院议员的制度，代议机关中的国 王和上院都是非选举产生的美国不仅国会两院的议员，而且总统及副总统，都是由公民直接产生 的The British and American political systems have both the same and different points. They contains the basic features of modern western political system. Meanwhile they have different in the actual situation of countries and historical tradition. The British and American political system is result of western bourgeois. Compared with the feudalism political system ， it make a historical progress.484英美两国的政治制度可说是同中有异，异中有同既包含着现代西方 政治制度的基本特征和当今时代特征所产生的共同性，也具有因各国 的现实国情不同、历史传统不同而形成的差异性。

英美两国的政治制 度都是西方资产阶级革命的产物，同封建主义政治制度相比具有历史 进步性。