基于CAV444的电容式冰厚传感器及其检测系统的研究.pdf

太原理工大学硕士学位论文基于CAV444的电容式冰厚传感器及其检测系统的研究姓名：崔丽琴申请学位级别：硕士专业：检测技术与自动化装置指导教师：秦建敏20100501太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 I基于 CAV444 的电容式冰厚传感器及其检测系统的研究 摘 要 本课题是在国家自然科学基金项目“冰层厚度传感器及其检测方法的研究” （项目编号： 60672028） 、 “山西省研究生优秀创新项目重点资助项目”（项目编号：20081009）资助下进行的一项应用基础研究 近年来，极地冰川消融导致海平面不断上升，给人类的生存环境、动植物的生长以及全球气候变化带来了巨大的影响另外，北方冬季普遍存在的河道结冰现象，使得许多水利工程设施的安全运行存在隐患黄河流域冰凌灾害更是严重威胁到沿岸人民的生命财产和各种水电大坝的安全从保护环境、冬季水文水资源管理和水工结构物抗冰能力设计等各方面考虑，我们都需要了解冰的基本特性 由太原理工大学秦建敏教授等提出并研制的基于空气、冰和水电阻特性差异检测原理的冰厚传感器已在中国第 21、22、24 次南极科学考察海冰观测项目中得到了应用，但是在工程应用中仍存在一些检测机理和系统结构方面的问题有待解决。

比如，冰层的上界面和下界面的判定方法就是国家自然科学基金资助项目“冰层厚度传感器及其检测方法的研究”（项目编号：60672028）的一个重要研究课题，为此，国家自然科学基金项目组提出了基于空气、冰和水的电容特性差异进行冰厚检测的新思路，以便寻求一种可以精确判断冰层上、 下界面的新途径 项目组成员曾利用 TH2618B电容测量仪在实验室进行了大量的机理实验，然而，实验并不能完全准确的模拟实际的冰厚检测场景本文作者设计了一套基于 CAV444 的电容式冰厚检测系统，较好地解决了这个问题，实现了电容值和温度值的自动采集、存储和显示，并且利用该系统进行了系统的实验室实验，获得了大量宝贵的实验数据，较好地完成了国家自然科学基金项目预定的科研任务 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 II结合本次实验，论文对以下内容进行了系统的研究探讨： 1） 介绍了课题研究背景和意义，分析了国内外冰厚监测的现状 2） 针对多种不同的电容传感器试验装置，进行了大量的空气、冰和水的电容差异机理实验 3） 重点介绍了电容转电压集成电路 CAV444 的工作原理及典型应用简单介绍了一些其它的电容测量电路 4） 详细阐述了基于 CAV444 的电容式冰厚传感器及其检测系统的硬件电路和软件设计。

5） 运用该系统进一步完成了空气、冰和水的电容差异机理实验以及冰强度和冰电容的对比实验 大量实验表明，新设计的自动检测检测系统运行比较稳定，能够比较准确的反映冰厚检测的现场情况，为利用空气、冰和水的电容特性差异实现对冰层厚度和冰层内部的物理状态的自动检测提供了可行的技术手段 关键词：空气，冰，水，电容差异，冰厚传感器试验装置，CAV444，检测系统 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 IIIRESEARCH ON THE CAPACITANCE SENSOR OF ICE THICKNESS AND ITS DETECTING SYSTEM BASED ON CAV444 ABSTRACT This topic is a basic research which is started in the National Natural Science Foundation project “the study of ice thickness sensor and its detection method” (Item Number：60672028) and “Outstanding Graduate in Shanxi Province funded projects focus on innovative projects” (Item Number：20081009). In recent years, polar ice melt leading to rising sea level has brought a huge impact for the survival of the human environment, flora and fauna, as well as global climate change. In addition, the widespread phenomenon of river ice in the northern winter makes a number of water conservancy facilities be in danger. Ice run hazard of Yellow River is a serious threat to the coastal people's lives and property and various hydroelectric dam. Considering the protection of the environment, the winter hydrology, water resources management and the ability of anti-ice designs hydraulic structures, we should know the basic characteristics of the ice. The ice thickness sensor based on the characteristic difference of resistance among air, water and ice has been actually used in the 21st，22nd，24th Chinese Antarctic Scientific Expedition， which is raised by Professor Qin Jianmin and so on in Taiyuan University of Technology. However, there are still some problems about testing mechanism and system architecture issues in engineering applications, which need to be resolved, such as the determining methods of ice interface and lower interface, which is an important research topic in the 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 IVNational Natural Science Foundation Project (60672028). In view of this, the foundation project team members proposed a new ice thickness detecting idea based on the capacitance differences of air, ice and water, so as to find a new way that determine the ice interface and the lower interface accurately. The project team members have carried out a number of mechanism experiments by the capacitance measuring instrument-TH2618B in the laboratory before, however, the experiments can not completely simulate the actual scene of ice thickness detection. Therefore, the author designed a ice thickness detecting system based on CAV444, which can solve this problem and achieve the automatic acquisition, storage and display of the capacitance value and the temperature. We obtained a large number of valuable experimental data in laboratory and well completed scheduled research tasks in National Natural Science Foundation. Combination of this experiment, this paper includes these as follow: 1) Introduce the background and significance of this research and analysis of the status quo of ice thickness monitoring at home and abroad. 2) Carry out a lot of capacitive mechanism experiments base on the differences from air, ice and water by choosing varieties of capacitive sensors test equipment. 3) Focus on the principle and typical application of the capacitance-voltage integrated circuit CAV444 and introduce the other capacitance measuring circuits briefly. 4) Give a detailed introduction about hardware circuits and software design of the capacitive ice thickness sensor and its detection system based on CAV444. 5) Carry out further experiments about the capacitive mechanism experiments base on the differences from air, ice and water as well as the comparative experiments between ice strength and ice capacitance. A large number of experiments shows that the new auto-detecting system 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 Vrun stably and is able to reflect site conditions of ice thickness detection accurately, which provides more accurate and reliable datas for the mechanism experimental study of capacitive differences from air, ice and。