浅谈动名词的逻辑主语.doc

浅谈动名词的逻辑主语一、动名词前血可以加一个形容词性的物主代词、代词宾格或名词所有格作为该动名词 的逻辑主语一般来说，动名词的逻辑主语为代词时，它的前面按照规则应当使用形容词性 物主代词或名词的所有格但是，动名词具有动词的属性，它的示而可以跟肯接宾语，那么, 它的逻辑主语也可以使用宾格代词或名词普通格例如：Please excuse my / me coming late.请原谅，我來迟了r 11 never forget Torn* s / Tom imitating the headmaster.我永远忘不了汤姆模仿校长 的样子二、动名词的逻辑主语是代词位于句首时，人们大都愿意使用所有格，并口当动名词复合结 构充当真实主语时，它的逻辑主语也大都采用所冇格形式如果动名词是being,则在非正 式英语或正式英语中都使用所有格，而不用宾格；如果在句首出现使用代词主格来作动名词 的逻辑主语，那只是带有典型非正式语的色彩例如：Your driving a car to Beijing took longer than I expected.你开车去北京所用的时 间比我预料的长一些It's a waste of time your talking to him.你跟他谈话,那是浪费时间。

Excuse my being late.原谅我来晚了You falling into the river was the climax of the whole trip.你掉到了河里，是整 个旅行的高潮三、动名词常可用作介词宾语，而且人都与动词、名词和形容词的搭配有关动名词的逻辑 主语既可用代词宾格或名词普通格，乂可用代词或名词的所有格例如：I insisted on him leaving here at once.我坚持要他立刻离开这里Maybe that is the sound that I've heard at night—the sound of him / his locking the door.这也许就是我在晚上听见的声音 他锁门的声音There are many reasons for animals / animals1 dying out.动物灭绝有许多原因One day the man upstairs heard the sound of children playing in the park. 有一天, 住在楼上的那个人听到孩子们在花园里玩耍的声音。

四、如果动名词的逻辑主语是它动作的对象，它就要用被动式，注意不要与现在分词的被动 式相混淆例如：Usual ly at the beginning of school, the noise of desks being opened and closed could be heard out in the street.通常,在开始上课时,在街上都能听到打开和关上书桌的声 音这里的desks being opened and closed是一个"名词+动名词被动形式”的复合结构,共 同作介词of的宾语，其中名词desks是动名词being opened and closed的逻辑主语又如:There are also records of gymnastics being performed in China and some other Asian countries.中国以及其它的一些亚洲国家也有体操表演的记载但下列句中是现在分词的被动式作定语例如：The houses being built by our com- pany will be completed by the end of the year. 由 我们公司营建的那批房屋将于年底竣工。

The problem being discussed is of vital importance.正在讨论的问题是极其重要的五、如果动名词的复合结构和现在分词的独立主格结构从逻辑主语的形式上难以辨別时，可 以看谓语是什么样的动词,一般来讲，在see, hear, notice, watch, keep, find, get, have, feel, 1 eave, 1 i sten to等动词后的V-ing形式为现在分词作宾语补足语；但带冇V-ing 形式的词置于介词、及物动词的短语动词后时，它肯定是动名词例如：The two men had their lights burning all night.这俩人让灯通宵亮着The old man insisted on them / their staying in his home.这位老人坚持要他们留在 他家般情况下，动名词的逻辑主语为谓语动词的主语；如果动名词动作的发出者不是谓语动词 的主语时，则需要有自己的逻辑主语这种带有主语的动名词叫帮动名词结构They insisted on reading the letter.他们坚持要看信。

他们发出了看信的动作）动名词作动词宾语和介词宾语吋，如果其逻辑主语是无生命的名词，一般用普通格；如 果逻辑主语是有生命的名词，-般用其所有格形式，但是在作介词宾语时，也可用普通格Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof?（动词的宾语,pattering的逻辑主语rain 没有生命）Ts there any hope of John winning the first prize? （介词白勺宾语，winnin£ 的逻辑主语John有牛命用所有格John's winning和普通格John winning均可）在非常正式的英语中，名词后面带动名词理，要用名词所冇格形式；但省略's的情况更 为多见I don't remember my mother's complaining about it.我不记得我母亲为此抱怨过文 体正式）T don't remember my mother complaining about it. 我不得我我母亲为此抱怨过口语）但在某些特定的场合，所有格和宾格不宜互换分别叙述如下：1、 （名词）普通格或（代词）宾格作动名词的逻辑主语1 ）无生命的东西作逻辑主语，多只用普通格或宾格。

如：Usual ly at the beg inning of school, the noi se of desks being opened and closed coul d be heard out in the street.平常开始上课时，在街上就可听得见书桌开关的声音If I bring my suits for dry-cleaning, is there any chance of it being ready this afternoon?如果我将衣服拿来干洗，今天下午能成吗？2 ）较长的名词词组或一个以上的人名作逻辑主语，多只用普通格或宾格女II：r ve never heard of a person of humour refusing to go to such a wonderful party. 我还从未听说过富有幽默感的人会拒绝参加这样棒的晚会Do you remember Jim and his uncle coming to see us last month?你记得吉姆和他的叔叔上月來看过我们吗？3）不定代词、指示代词或表时间的it作逻辑主语，多只用普通格或宾格。

如：1 was astonished by someono knocking at the door.（听见）有人敲门，我惊讶了She is looking forward to that being said at the meeting・她正盼望这事儿在会上说说r m surprised at it being so late.我真想不到就这么晚了即使有互换的场合，也应注意更稳妥的表达譬如：She hates anyone smoking here in the room・她讨厌任何人在这房间里抽烟较少用anyone's）2、 名词所有格或物主代词作动名词的逻辑主语1）句首的逻辑主语，只用所有格或物主代词如：The soldier's being killed in the war is her one regret.那位战士的阵亡是她的一件憾事只有在极其随便的谈话中才偶尔也用宾格，以避免重复如：Him recognizing his fauIts is a good thing.他认错，这是好事嘛2 ）形式主语后的动名词，逻辑主语较多使用所冇格或物主代词如：It's no use your pretending not to know the rules.你装着不知道规章，这没用。

但如果逻辑主语以-S结尾的名词复数，则用名词普通格如：It"s a catastrophe the bosses shutting al 1 those factories.老板们关闭了那所有的工厂，这是一大灾难3 ）少数动词（如deny, delay, postpone, defer等），其后动名词的逻辑主语（包括无牛 命的东西），人都采用所有格或物主代词如：He donicd their having ever been there.他欠口否认他们曾到过那儿The dense fog delayed the plane* s taking off.大雾耽误了飞机起飞But you kept postponing your coming.可你一直在推迟你的來访The boss deferred Mr Jackson，s going home until next month.老板将杰克逊探家的事推迟到下个月4 ）有些动词如advise, al 1 ow, permit, forbid等，要么用不定式作宾语补足语,否则动名 词短语前的逻辑主语须用代词所有格如：1 advised him to start at once.或I advised his starting at once.我劝他立即出发。

We shoul dn't al low them to park in the street. 或 We shoul dn5 t al low their parking in the street.我们不应该让他们把车停在街上The heavy rain forbade us to go out.或The heavy rain forbade our going大雨使我们没法出去T have too much to do to permit my coming yet.我有太多的事要做，这不允许我來顺便提到的是，当分词与句子的主语不一致时，大都也采用口己独立的逻辑主语，但均不涉 及所有格，而动名词的逻辑主语很多场合只用所有格因此，把主语、宾语中的动名词与状 语、宾语补足语中的分词等进行比较，对于帮助使用逻辑主语是人有裨益的试比较：1） Many people's being absent made the chairman upset.许多人缺席，这使主席伤脑筋动名词）Many people being absent, the chairman felt quite upset.由于许多人缺席，主席感到很是心烦。