初级中学时间状语从句语法及其课后复习.docx

状语从句什么是状语：句子中修饰动词、形容词等的句子成分叫状语，用来从地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、 条件、让步、比较、方式和伴随状况等方面修饰说明谓语e.g. He speaks English very well.（副词作状语）e.g. He is playing under the tree.（介词短语作状语）e.g. I come specially to see you.（不定式作状语）e.g. If I am not busy tomorrow,I will play football with you.（从句作状语）e.g. Having had a quarrel with his wife,he left home in a bad temper.（分词作状语）状语从句：状语从句就是在复合句里起状语作用的从句，可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、 结果、让步、比较、方式、条件等引导状语从句的连词叫做从属连词状语从句的位 置可以在句首，也可以在句末放在句首时，从句后面常用逗号与主句隔开；放在句末 时，从句前面往往不用逗号If it’s fine tomorrow, I will go with you.I will go with you if it’s fine tomorrow.状语从句分类：1、时间状语从句2、 地点状语从句3、 原因状语从句4、 目的状语从句5、 结果状语从句6、 条件状语从句7、 让步状语从句8、 比较状语从句9、 方式状语从句时间状语从句从属连词： when, while, as, before, after, till/until, since, whenever, as soon as （一 就）……时态：主将从现，主情从现，主祈从现_、When/while/as （当…时候）区别：主句动作与从句动作发生的时间（同时/之前/之后）；从句动词（延续性/瞬时性）1） When:when引导时间状语从句时表示“当 的时候”，when既可以指时间段也可指时间点，从句中既可用延续性动词又可用瞬间性动词，且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在 主句的动作之前或之后发生。

且when引导的时间状语从句中一般用一般现在时表将来（主将从现）e.g. I will call you when I get there.e.g. When I came home my wife was cooking dinner.e.g. I will go home when the rain stops.e.g. When I got to the airport， the guests had left.A） 如果when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同，而从句的谓语又是be动词 时，那么从句中的主语和be可以省略;e.g. When （you are） in trouble, ask her for help.B） 当when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时，往往还可以省略从句的主 语并用“when+分词”的形式替代该状语从句e.g. When I came into the room （=When coming into the room）, I found him lying there asleep.2） Whilewhile引导时间状语从句时表示“当......的时候”，它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时 持续地进行，用于这一用法时while引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是延 续性动词，或者强调主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中，此时主句中的谓语动词 通常是非延续性动词。

记住，从句中始终是延续性动词，且从句多用进行时态while 还可以表示对比，译成“然而”，放在句首可以表示“虽然”）e.g. I met her while I was at school.e.g. While I was sleeping, the UFO arrived.e.g. We were doing our homework while it was raining outside.e.g. Study while you study; play while you play.3） Asas引导时间状语从句时表示①“当......时”（只引导瞬间性动词，两个动作是紧密联系 的，一前一后进行），②“一边一边......”，侧重表示两个动作同时发生（包括一个主语同时进行两个动作），③“随着”，一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化从句中只能 接延续动词e.g. He jumps as he goes along.e.g. As the wind rose the noise increased.【When, while , as 辨析】三者均可以表示“当时候”，如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句表示的是延 续性动作（主短从延），三者可以通用。

I met Mr Li as / when / while I was walking along the street.（1） While意为“在......期间”，从句的谓语必须是延续性动词The plane had left when we got to the airport.（2） 表示带有规律性的“每当”，或者主从句动作有先后时，都只能用when.When winter comes, it becomes cold.（3） 表示“随着”时间的推移，主从句的内容是两种变化的情况，只能用as.As the day went on, the weather got worse.（4） 强调主句动作延续到从句所指的整个时间，只能用while.【巩固练习】1） I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel Iheard the steps.A. while B. when C. since D. after2） He was about halfway through his meal a familiar voice came to his ears.A. why B. where C. when D. while3） We were swimming in the lake suddenly the storm started.A. when B. while C. until D. before4） 一I’m going to the post office.—you’re there, can you get me some stamps?A. As B. While C. Because D. If5） I along the street looking for a place to park when the accident.B. went; occurredD. was going; had occurredA. went; was occurringC. was going; occurred 答案BCABC二、 Before/afterbefore引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前，常翻译为在“......之 前”，“......才......”或“......就......”。

e.g. See me before you leave.e.g. Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test.after引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后e.g. I saw them after I arrived.e.g. I found his pen after he has left.【巩固练习】He was told that it would be at least three more months he could recover and return towork.A. when B. before C. since D. thatIt was some time we realized the truth.A. when B. until C. since D. before三、 Till/until/not until1、 肯定句：till和until这两个词作连词和介词时的意义和用法相同，一般可以换用（放 在句首时通常用until的形式，till在口语中更为常见）。

主句的谓语动词必须是持续性的， 表示“到......为止”，“直到......才（开始）”e.g. Walk till you come to a white house.e.g. We didn’t discuss the problem until he came back.2、 否定句：Not……until，主句的谓语动词则为短暂性的，表示，直到......才”，若主句 谓语动词为延续性动词，根据上下文可表示“没有到……”He didn’t wait until/ till I returned.他没有等到我回来not until的三种用法：1） 用在句中的基本用法e.g. He did not appear until the concert ended.2） 与that搭配的强调结构e.g. It was not until the concert ended that he appeared.3） 用于句首的倒装结构主句倒装e.g. Not until the concert ended did he appeared.【巩固练习】1) It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life we’ve actually had that lesson.A. until B. after C. since D. when2) A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners5 curiosity he reaches the end ofthe story.A. when B. unless C. after D. until3) I don’t really work here; I until the new secretary arrives.A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out四、SinceSince引导的时间状语从句表示“自从......以来”，需注意以下两1) 引导时间状语从句时，一般指的是“从过去的某一时间点以来”的概念，表示动作从 过去一直持续到现在。

从句用一般过去时，主句用完成时e.g. I have never seen him again since he left here.e.g. They have been friends ever since they were in school.2) 若表示到过去某一时间前的情况，则主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时通搭配为it was+时间。