直接引语和间接引语详解资料.doc

直接引语和间接引语详解与专练 备课资料 直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语”用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接引语” 间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号例如： John said, “I like reading adventure stories.” 约翰说：“我喜欢看历险故事直接引语） John said that he liked reading adventure stories. 约翰说她喜欢看历险故事间接引语） 那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢? 1、人称的转变 1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如： He said，“I am very sorry.” ——>He said that he was very sorry. 2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如： “You should be more careful next time,” my father told me. ——>My father told me that I should be more careful the next time. 3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。

如： She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight.” ——>She told her son that she would check his homework that night. 4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如： He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” ——>He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon. 口诀记忆为 ：一主、二宾、三不变 2.时态的转换 直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相对应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下： 1. 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在实行时 过去实行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 can could may might 2.例如：“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. ——>She said she was very glad to visit our school. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” ——>Tom said that they were listening to the pop music. Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” ——>Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?” ——>He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus. “Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. ——>The teacher asked why she had refused to go there. Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?” ——>Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday.” ——>Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before. He said，“I haven't heard from my parents these days.” ——>He said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days. 3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况 1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如： He always says, “I am tired out.” ——>He always says that he is tired out. 2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如： He will say, “I’ll try my best to help you.” ——>He will say that he will try his best to help me. 3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如： He said, “I went to college in 1994.” ——>He told us that he went to college in 1994. 4）当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如： He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” ——>He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school. 5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如： Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” ——>Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如： He said，“Practice makes perfect.” ——>He said that practice makes perfect. 7）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时，如： The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water.” ——>The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water. He said, “She must be a teacher.” ——> He said that she must be a teacher. He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now.” ——>He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then. The teacher said, “You needn't hand in your compositions today.” ——>The teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions. She asked, “Must I take the medicine?” ——> She asked if she had to take the medicine. 〔注〕：此处用had to代替must更好 8）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改变。

如： Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon. Student : What did the teacher say, Monitor? Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon. 3、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化 直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 this 这 that那 these 这些 those那些 时 间 状 语 now现在 then那时 today今天 that day那天 this week (month,etc) 本星期（月等） that week(month,etc) 那个星期（月等） yesterday昨天 the day before前一天 the day before yesterday前天 two days before前两天 last week(year,etc) 上星期（去年） the week (year,etc.)before 前一周（年等） three days (a year,etc.) ago. three days (a year,etc,)before tomorrow the next (following)day the day after tomorrow two days later(in two days time)过两天 next week (year,etc) 下星期（明年等） the next (following) week (year,etc) 下一周（第二年等） 地点状语 here这里 there那里 动词 come来 bring go去 take 例如：He said, ”I want to go swimming now. ” → He said he wanted to go swimming then. The teacher said ,“ You should come here at 7:00.” →The teacher said I should go there at 7:00. She said, “I won't come here any more.” →She said that she wouldn’t go there any more.. He said,。