同位语从句.docx

同位语从句(appositive clause)一．定义 是名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）中的主要从句之一，从句作同 位语表示与之同位的名词（短语）的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词（短语）加 以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系详细信息 一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或 其它形式）就是同位语同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表 示的具体内容如：I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息I had no idea that you were here .我不知道你在这里二. 常见的可以跟同位语从句的词（抽象名词） news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word（消息），possibility 等如：I've come from Mr wang with a message that he won't be able to see you 我从王aft ernoon 先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。

用法：同位语从句的先行词多为 fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关 联词多用从属连词如：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick对你生病这件事，他们都 很焦虑Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？ Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia. 德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词 whether 引导如：I have no idea whether he' ll come or not.我不知道他是否来连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where,when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句The question who should do the work requires consideration 谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考 虑。

We haven' t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去 度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题1. that 引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别?that引导的同位语从句that引导的定语从句句法功能上that只起连接从句的作用，无意义 在从句中不充当句子成分 不可省that 替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用， 还充当一个句子成分如在从句中作 动词的宾 语时可省略 意义上 从句是被修饰名词的内容 从句起限定作用，是定语 如： The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. （同位语从句， that 不可省） 李 先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的The news （that） he told me yesterday is true. （定语从句， that 在从句中作的宾语，可省）他昨天 告诉我的消息是真的。

2. —些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+ 动词原形表示should 可省女口： This is our only request that this （should） be settled as soon as possible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题三．常见引导词英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that， whether，连接副词how,when,where等注： if,which 不能引导同位语从句如：l have no idea When he will be back .我不知道他什么时候回来He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.I gave the girl a big doll ,exactly what she longed to have.四、 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。

如： Several years later， word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them. 几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了五、 同位语从句与定语从句的区别1、 同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的 名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况如：The news that l have passed the exam is true. 我通过了考试这一消息是真的 （同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容The news that he told me just now is true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息2、 引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的that是关 系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。

如：The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇that在从句中不充当任何成份The idea that he gave surprises many people.他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊that 在从句中作 gave 的宾语1. 名词作同位语Mr Wang, my child' s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要 来看我们2. 短语作同位语I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other childre n我，作为家里最大的女孩， 老得照料家中的其他孩子3. 直接引语作同位语 But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只 克隆羊吗？”4. 句子作同位语 The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up theGreat lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。

同位语从句用法 同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定" 一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名 词表示的具体内容I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息二、 可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news, idea, fact, promise, question, doubt, thought, hope, message, suggestion, words （消息），possibility 等I've come from Mr wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon. 我从 王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了三、 英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that, whether,连接副词how,when,where等注： if,which 不能引导同位语从句He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问 题。

四、 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃 出城了同位语从句-引导词同位语从句的引导词，引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that, whether,连接代词和连接副 词等1. 连词 that 引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的 that 不能省略）The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做 好这件工作的想法是完全错误的作 idea 的同位语）【注意 1】在某些名词（如 demand, wish, suggestion, resolution 等）后面的同位语从句要用虚 拟语气There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离 队注意 2】引导同位语从句的连词 that 通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。

He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提 箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了2. 连词whether引导同位语从句（注：if不能引导同位语从句）The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否 请专家由家庭医生来定注意】whether可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句其它引导词引导的同位 语从句连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which引导同位语从句1） .I have no idea what size shoes she wears我不知道她穿几号的鞋what 作定语）2） .I have no idea which wine is best—it' s 。