虚拟语气及倒装.docx

环球雅思教育学科教师讲义讲义编号：副校长/组长签字：签字日期：学员编号： 年级： 课时数：学员姓名： 科目： 学科教师：课 题虚拟语气及倒装授课日期及时段教学目的学会虚拟语气固定结构及倒装用法重难点辨析应用倒装的适当情况【考纲说明】虚拟语气和倒装的考察一般出现在单选和完成句子中，需要学会应用基本句型知识梳理】虚拟语气一、 语气英语中的语气分为三类：陈述语气（用于陈述句、疑问句、感叹句）祈使语气（用于祈使句）虚拟语气（用于条件状语从句、宾语从句等）二、 虚拟语气如果所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想，就用虚拟语气三、 虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法1、 真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句Eg： If he doesn’ t hurry up, he will miss the bus.（真实条件状语）:If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句）:If there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从句）2、 虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式① 表示与现在事实相反的情况If I were you, I’ d take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。

If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些② 表示与过去事实相反的情况Eg： If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这 样的错误了事实：没有听我的话）③ 表示对将来情况的主观推测（可能相反或可能性很小）Eg： If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to hii如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈事 实：来的可能性很小）If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating .如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑 冰了.（事实：不知能否下雪）四、虚拟语气的其他用法1、 虚拟语气用在wish后的宾语从句a、 表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式eg: I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。

事实：我根本比不上你）b、 表示过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+v-edeg: I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相c、 表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词：should/would +动词原形.eg: I wish I should have a chance again.很难再有这样的机会了2、 虚拟语气用在suggest（建议）、insist（坚持）、demand（要求）、order（命令）等动词后的宾语从句中，从句的谓 语动词都用：“should +动词原形”或只用“动词原形”如 He suggested/ insisted/ordered/demandthat we （should） take the teacher s advice.从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与现在事实相反If+主语+did主语+should/would/might/could+do与过去事实相反If+主语+had done主语+should/would/might/could+have done对将来的推测+① wereIf+主语+②did+③ were to do主句+should/would /might /could+动词原形倒装一. 倒装句之全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。

此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时常见的结 构有：1） here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首，谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, runThere goes the bell.Then came the chairman.Here is your letter.2） 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.Ahead sat an old woman.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装Here he comes. Away they went.二. 倒装句之部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加 助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前句首为否定或半否定的词语，如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装I have never seen such a performance.The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题1) Why can't I smoke here?At no time in the meeting-roomA. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit2) Not until the early years of the 19th century what heat is.A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know2. 以否定词开头作部分倒装如 Not only・"but also, Hardly/Scarcely・・when, No sooner…thanNot only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.典型例题No sooner than it began to rain heavily.A. the game began B. has the game begunC. did the game begin D. had the game begun注意：只有当Not only，" but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。

如果置于句首的Not only，" but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构Not only you but also I am fond of music.3 so, neither, nor 作部分倒装表示〃也"、"也不〃的句子要部分倒装Tom can speak French. So can Jack.If you won't go, neither will I.典型例题---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? 1 don't know, .A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构意为"的确如此〃Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.---It's raining hard. ---So it is.4 only在句首要倒装的情况Only in this way, can you learn English well.Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.5。

as, though引导的倒装句as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词，副词，分词，实义动词提前）注意：1） 句首名词不能带任何冠词2） 句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后如果实义动词有宾语和状语， 随实义动词一起放在主语之前Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 汪意：让步状语从句中，有though, although时，后面的主句不能有but,但是though和yet可连用 其他部分倒装1） so…that句型中的so位于句首时，需倒装So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.2） 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：May you all be happy.3） 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if省略，把were, had, should移到主语 之前，采取部分倒装Were I you, I would try it again. 典型例题：1） Not until the early years of the 19th century what heat isA. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know2） Not until I began to work how much time I had wasted.A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize3） Do you know Tom bought a new car?I don't know,。