Unit 4 知识清单 巩固练习- 高一上学期英语外研版（2019）必修第一册.docx

外研社最新版高一英语新教材必修一Unit 4知识清单+巩固练习5*** 知识清单***一、单词变形1．familiar adj.熟悉的→unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的2．prefer vt.更喜欢→preference n．偏爱；爱好3． deliver v．递送，传送→delivery n．交付，递送4．advance n．进步，进展→advanced adj. 先进的，高级的5．significant adj.重大的→significantly adv.重大地，显著地→significance n. 意义，重要性6．able adj.有能力的，能干的→enable v．使可能，使发生7．usual adj.通常的，惯例的，平常的→unusual adj.异常的，不平常的→usually adv.通常8．crime n．罪行，犯罪活动→criminal n．罪犯9．date n．日期→update n．最新消息10．illustrate v．(举例)说明，阐明→illustration n．说明，插图11.inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的,启发灵感的→inspire vt.鼓舞;激发;启示→inspired adj.受到鼓舞的→inspiration n.鼓舞;灵感12.anxious adj.焦虑的,不安的→anxiety n.担心;焦虑;渴望→anxiously adv.焦虑地二、重点单词和短语familiar adj.熟悉的(教材原句P37)　With no familiar faces in view看不到熟悉的面孔[例1]I took a glance at the hall and found many familiar faces among the students.我扫视了一下大厅，发现观众中有许多熟悉的面孔。

[例2]The voices on the phone sounded familiar.里的声音很耳熟[造句]回到熟悉的环境里让人松了一口气It was a relief to be back in familiar surroundings.[知识拓展](1)sb.be familiar with...某人熟悉……(主动)...be familiar to sb. ……为某人所熟悉(被动)→unfamiliar adj. 陌生的，不熟悉的prefervt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)(教材原句P38)　How do you prefer to communicate with friends every day?你喜欢如何每天与朋友交流？[例1]　Which do you prefer，fish or meat?你更喜欢吃什么， 鱼还是肉？[例2]　Of the two cars，I prefer that red one.两辆小汽车中，我更喜欢那辆红色的[翻译]　就个人而言，我更喜欢沿长江旅行，它是中国最长的河，也是中华文明的母亲河之一Personally，I prefer the tour along the Yangtze，the longest river and one of the Mother Rivers of Chinese civilizations.[知识拓展](1)prefer (sb.) to do sth.更喜欢(某人)做……prefer (doing) sth.to (doing) sth.宁愿(做)某事……也不愿(做)某事prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.＝would rather do sth.than do sth.宁可……也不……prefer that...(should) do sth. 宁愿……→preference n. 偏爱；爱好lose track of不了解……的情况，不了解……的动态；忘记How would you feel if moving to a new town meant losing track of your friends?如果搬家到一个新的城镇意味着与你的朋友失去联系，那么你会感觉如何？[例1]Mary lost track of her friends at camp after summer.夏天过后，玛丽就和她一起宿营的朋友失去了联系。

[例2]His mind would wander，and he would lose track of what he was doing.他会走神，忘了自己正在干什么[造句]我们失去联系五年了It is five years since we lost track of each other.[知识拓展](1)keep track of 与……保持联系，了解……的动态be on track 稳步前进，走上正轨(2)track down 追踪找到，追查到Thanks toadvances in technology，how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly.由于科技的进步，我们结交朋友与朋友、沟通的方式已经有了明显的改变1)thanks to归功于……，多亏……[例1]Thanks to the timely help，many lucky people survived the earthquake.多亏了及时的帮助，很多幸运的人得以在地震中幸存下来[例2]Thanks to his strong constitution，Jack was able to pull through his recent serious illness.幸亏他体质好，杰克才得以平安度过了最近这场大病。

[造句]多亏我队友的帮助，我准时完成了这项任务Thanks to my teammates help，I finished the task on time.[知识拓展]表示“因为；由于”的短语还有：owing to，due to，because of，as a result of，on account of等delivervt.递送,传递【词汇拓展】deliver sth. to sb.给某人送某物deliver a speech/lecture 演讲/讲课→delivery n.投递deliver n.递送人advancen．进步，进展；v.前进；促进；提出；提前 adj.预先的，在前的[例1]There have been great advances in medicine in the last ten years.在过去十年里，医学取得了巨大的进步[例2]The strikers advanced on/towards us，shouting angrily.罢工的人愤怒地喊叫着向我们逼近[造句]这是个很受欢迎的演出，所以一定要提前订票It is a popular show，so advance booking is essential.[知识拓展](1)in advance＝ahead of time　　提前，预先in advance of... 在……前面；比……进步/超前make an advance in sth. 在某方面有进步→advanced adj. 先进的；高级的up to忙于，从事着(尤指坏事)；在捣鬼Social media tools let us see what our friends are up to and maintain friendships.社交媒体工具让我们了解朋友的最新状态并维系友谊。

[例1]　What have you been up to this week?你这个星期一直忙什么呢？[例2]　The children are very quiet.I wonder what they are up to.孩子们很安静，我想知道他们在搞什么鬼[造句]　我认为父亲想要知道目前我在做什么，所以我决定给他发条短信I think my father would like to know what Ive been up to so far，so I decide to send him a message.[知识拓展]up to其他用法：(1)达到……程度或数量(相当于 as far as)(2)表示时间限制，“直到……为止”(相当于 till)(3)(体力或智力上)，能胜任(相当于 fit for)(4)由……决定，取决于(常用于 It is up to sb.to do sth.句型)tendv．易于做某事，往往会发生某事On social media sites，people tend to post only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly.在社交媒体网站上，人们往往只会将正面的最新信息展现出来，让他们看起来很快乐、很友好。

[例1]　Opportunities and success tend to be in favour of those who are ready.机遇和成功往往青睐于那些有准备的人[例2]People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力[造句]别人不同意她的看法时，她很容易生气She tends to get angry when others disagree with her.[知识拓展](1)tend to do sth.　趋向做某事tend (to) sb./sth. 照顾/护理/看护……tend towards 倾向，有助于→tendency n. 趋向；倾向have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做……；喜欢做……provev．证明，证实To prove that making friends was easier in the past.为了证明过去交友更容易[例1]She wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.她想证明她既美丽又有智慧。

[例2]Its a challenging job but Im sure youll prove equal to it.这是一份有挑战性的工作，但是我相信你会胜任的[造句]去首都的旅行被证明是值得的It proved worthwhile to make the trip to the capital city.[知识拓展](1)prove sth.to sb.向某人证明某事prove thatclause 证明……prove n．/to be 结果是；证明是→proof n. 证据distancev.使与……。