Pragmatic-第六章--IFIDS-&-Felicity-conditionsPPT课件.ppt

How can the speaker be recognized by the hearer?• 1) Illocutionary Force Indicating Device• 2)Felicity conditionIFIDs IFIDs Illocutionary Force Indicating Device(言外之力表示的手段)•1) By using performative verb (Vp) •2)By using stress , word order, and intonation. Performative verb (Vp) A verb that explicitly names the speech act, e.g. the verb ‘promise’ in the utterance ‘I promise to be there’[5c] [ I promise you that] A[5d] [ I warn you that] A( (这些动词的作用是对发话人当前进行这些动词的作用是对发话人当前进行的行为进行描述或命名的行为进行描述或命名) )performative verb请指出下列句子的请指出下列句子的施为动词施为动词1.I bet you six pence it will rain tomorrow.2.I name this ship Queen Elizabeth.3.I sentence you to ten years of hard labour.4.I declare the Olympics open.5.I promise to help you.下列句子的下列句子的施为动词施为动词1.I bet you six pence it will rain tomorrow.2.I name this ship Queen Elizabeth.3.I sentence you to ten years of hard labour.4.I declare the Olympics open5.I promise to help you. Speakers do not always ‘perform’ their speech acts so explicitly, but they sometimes describe the speech act being performed. 说话者不是总是把他们的语言行为表达得那么说话者不是总是把他们的语言行为表达得那么明确，他们有时就直接把语言行为描述出来。

明确，他们有时就直接把语言行为描述出来请看下面的对话请看下面的对话[7]Telephone conversationHim: Can I talk to Mary?Her: No, she’s not here.Him: I’m asking you -can I talk to her?Her: And I telling you -SHE’S NOT HERE! In this scenario, each speaker has described, and drawn attention to, the illocutionary force (‘ask’ and ‘tell’) of their utterances. Other IFIDs which can be identified are word order ,stress, and intonation, as shown in the different versions of same basic elements (Y-G) in [8][8] a. You’re going! [I tell you Y-G] b. You’re going? [I request confirmation about Y-G] c. Are you going? [I ask you if Y-G]Felicity conditions (适当条件)•General condition•Content conditions•Preparatory conditions•Sincerity condition•Essential conditionGeneral condition• Preconditions on performing a speech act. People can understand the language being used and that they are not playing-acting or being nonsensical.返回返回Content condition•In order to count as a particular type of speech act, an utterance must contain certain features, e.g. a promise must be about a future event. p128•发话人要叙述自己的一个将来行为动作。

p50返回返回Preparatory conditions•The event will not happen by itself.•The event will have some effect. e.g. When I promise to do something, there are two preparatory condition. ①the even will not happen by itself ②the event will have a beneficial effect.返回返回Sincerity condition•Requirements on the genuine intentions of a speaker in order for an utterance to count as a particular speech act. e.g. ‘warning’, the speaker genuinely believe that the future event will not have a beneficial effect. 返回返回Essential condition•The speakers intend to create an obligation to carry out.•The essential condition combines with utterance content，the context and the speaker’s intention.返回返回Thank you！谢谢观赏！~部分资料从网络收集整理而来，供大家参考，感谢您的关注！。