2022年初中英语宾语从句知识点总结.docx

中学英语宾语从句学问点总结（一）考察的三个要点：语序,时态,关联词；1.定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句；2.构成：关联词 + 简洁句；3 宾语从句的语序肯定是陈述句语序；（ who 作主语的从句本身就是陈述句语序）4 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语,连接宾语从句的连词有 that （that 在口语中常省略） ； whether ,if ,和连接代词 what , which , who , whom 及连接副词 when , where , how , why ；He knew （ that ） he should study hard.他知道他应当努力学习；Can you tell me which class you are in ？ 您能告知我,您在哪一班吗？He asked me if he could come in , 他问我他是否能进来；5.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：（1） 从属连词 that. 如：一般那情形下可以省略；He told us that he felt ill.I know he has returned.注： that 在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情形下都可以省略；在以下情形下, that 不能省略；1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.（and 连接两个宾语从句, that 宾语从句放在 and 的后面时, that 不能省略；）2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.（that 引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时, that 不能省略；）3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don ’t believe. （that 从句位于句首时, that 不行省略；）我简直不信任他曾说过这样的话；（2） 从属连词 if/whether. 如：I doubt whether he will succeed.I don ’t know if you can help me.（3） ）连接代词 who ,whom ,whose ,what ,which ,whoever ,whatever ,whichever连接副词 where ,when , how , why.Who or what he was ,Martin never learned. I wonder what he ’s writing to me about.I’ ll tell you why I asked you to come.留意1. 假如宾语从句后仍有宾语补足语, 就用 it 作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置；We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.He has made it clear that he will not give in.2. 某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词或过去分词有 sure , glad ,certain ,pleased ,happy ,afraid ,surprised ,satisfied 等,连词 that 可省略；I am not sure what I ought to do.I’ m afraid you don ’ t understand what I said. I’ m surprised that I didn ’t see all that before.Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.3. 连词 whether （⋯or not ）或 if 引导的宾语从句if 和 whether 引导的宾语从句可以互换使用,但 whether 常和 or not 连用,if 一般不与 or not 连用；如：I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假；用 if 引导宾语从句假如会引起歧义,应防止使用 if 而用 wheter. 试比较：Please let me know if you want to go.Please let me know whether you want to go.if 从句可懂得为宾语从句,意为“请告知我你是否想去”；此句又可懂得为条件状语从句意为“假如你想去的话,请告知我一声”；4. 宾语从句的否定转移；在 think ,believe ,suppose , expect 等动词后的宾语从句,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,却不用否定形式,而将 think 等动词变为否定形式；如：I don ’t think you are right.I don ’t believe they have finished their work yet.I don ’t suppose he cares ,does he ？ 我想他不在意,是吗？5. 宾语从句的时态变化规律： 主句从句一般现在时可依据需要用任何时态；一般过去时过去的某种时态,例如：一般过去,过去进行,过去完成,过去将来等留意：说到自然现象和普遍真理时,用一般现在时The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.3 宾语从句应留意的问题1.时态的一样（主句的时态与从句的时态一样） a.宾语从句中假如主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时）,从句的时态可依据实际情形而定；I know he lives here. 我知道他住在这儿；I know he lived here ten years ago.我知道他十年前住在这儿；I have heard that he will come.我已经听说他要来了；b.宾语从句中假如主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时）,那么从句的时态肯定要用过去的时态 （包括一般过去时、 过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）；I know who lives here. 我知道谁住在这儿；I know who lived here我知道谁住过这儿；Everyone he asks us if everyone is here.He asked us if everyone was here.他问我们是否全部的人都出席了；He has said that he has seen it.他说过他已经看了；He said that he had seen it.他说他已经看了；2.语序的变化a.陈述句变为宾语从句时,语序不变；陈述句： He is an honest man.他是一个诚恳的人；宾语从句： I said he was an honest man.（连词 that 可省）我说他是一个诚恳的人；陈述句： We'll Win.我们会赢；宾语从句： We believe we'll win.我们信任我们会赢；b.一般疑问句变为宾语从句时语序要变为陈述句语序, 用 whether ,if 连接；一般疑问句： Does he study hard ？他学习仔细吗？宾语从句： I wonder if （ whether ）he studies hard.我不知道他是否仔细学习；一般疑问句： Will they win ？他们会赢吗？宾语从句： I asked if （whether ） they would win.我问他们是否会赢；c.特别疑问句变为宾语从句时语序要变为陈述句语序,用连接代词或副词（即保留原先的疑问词）；特别疑问句： Who is he ？ 他是谁？宾语从句： Do you know who he is ？你知道他是谁吗？特别疑问句： What does he want ？ 他要什么？宾语从句： I don't know what he wants.我不知道他要什么；留意Who went there ？（特别疑问句） 谁去那里呢？ I wonder whowent there.（宾语从句）我不知道谁去那里；由于是对主语提问, 所以特别疑问句语序不变； 变为宾语从句时, 语序依旧不变；特别疑问句： When did he leave ？ 他何时离开的？宾语从句： I know when he left.我知道他是什么时候离开的；特别疑问句： Where will he arrive ？ 他将会到哪里呢？宾语从句： He asked me where he would arrive.他问我他将会到哪里；中学英语宾语从句学问点总结（二）学问点总结在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句； 学习宾语从句要抓住三要素： 引导词、语序和时态；一、.引导词1. 从句为陈述句,常挑选引导词 that ,that 引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略； 例句：He told us （that ） they would help us through the whole work.2. 从句为一般疑问句,常挑选引导词 if 或 whether ,表示“是否”；在whether ⋯ or not 结构中不能用 if 替换；例句： I don ’t know if there will be a bus any more.3. 从句为特别疑问句, 常挑选 what,when,where,which,who,how 等的疑问代词、副词作引导词； 例句： He didn ’ t tell me when we should meet again.二、判定时态情形：1. 主句是一般现在时,从句可以为各种时态；2. 主句是一般过去时,从句要用相应过去时态；留意：从句描画客观事实、 真理、自然现象等, 从句时态不受主句时态限制, 仍用一般现在时；例句： He answered that he was listening to me. Father told me that practice makes perfect .三、宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序陈述句语序,就是主语在前,谓语动词在后；错误: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. 正确: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. 留意：宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动。