被动语态的讲与练.ppt

被动语态的讲与练被动语态的讲与练•被动语态构成形式•被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成不及物动词没有被动语态在不同的时态下助动词be有不同的形式—、、Practice I ( Active Voice → Passive Voice )1.He plants many trees every year.2.The new couple bought the furniture the other day.3.The experts are discussing the problem at the meeting.4.They were cleaning the classroom when I was there.5.He has read many articles by Lu Xun.6.He had left his keys before he came to my place.7.She will finish the task in a day or two.8.She said that she would finish the task in a day or two.注意注意: 转换时,你注意到你注意到时态的一致的一致性、人称代性、人称代词的的变化及被化及被动中的中的谓语动词的的单复数复数问题吗? 被动被动结构结构中，由中，由bebe动词来表示动词来表示其时态特点；其谓语动词在人称其时态特点；其谓语动词在人称和数应与被动中的主语保持一致和数应与被动中的主语保持一致。

 Practice II ( Passive Voice → Active Voice )1.The program is operated by villagers.2.The matter was solved successfully by her.3.The life of the milu deer is being studied by specialists at present.4.He was being punished for being late by the head teacher. 5.Enough has been said to him about it by us.6.His homework hadn’t been finished when he came back to school.7.The problem will be talked about after the meeting.8.He promised that the problem would be discussed next time.八种常见时态的被动语态形式八种常见时态的被动语态形式: :1. 一般一般现在在时 is /am /are + done2. 一般一般过去去时 was/ were + done3. 现在在进行行时 is/ am/ are being +done4. 过去去进行行时 was/were being +done5. 现在完成在完成时 has/ have been + done6. 过去完成去完成时 had been + done7. 一般将来一般将来时 will/ shall be + done // is/ am/ are going to be + done // is /am/ are to be + done8. 过去将来去将来时 would / should be + done •现以及物动词tell为例，列表如下：时态被动语态的构成一般式一般现在时be(am，is，are)told一般过去时be (was，were)told一般将来时shall/will be told过去将来时should/would be told进行式现在进行时be (am，is，are)being told过去进行时be (was，were)being told完成式现在完成时have/has been told过去完成时had been told Practice III ( Fill in the blanks with proper forms of Passive Voice ) 1. If you go on like this, you ____________ (punish) sooner or later. 2. One of the stadiums __________________ (complete) by the end of last year. 3. My best friend stays at home now, for her house ___________ (decorate). 4. About 3,000 English words _____________ (learn) so far.  5. He believed the task _______________ (finish) in two hours. 6. Many trees ______________ (plant) at this time every year. 7. The rest of the work _______________ (finish) last night. 8. He told me that a film _______________ (show) in the hall then.　二、被动　二、被动语态语态的的用法用法：：　　　　 1. 不知道或无必要不知道或无必要说出出动作的作的执行者行者：：　　　　 e.g. Suddenly a shout was heard. / Football is e.g. Suddenly a shout was heard. / Football is played all over the world.played all over the world.　　　　 2. 出于礼貌出于礼貌,委婉的表述委婉的表述:　　　　 e.g. You are requested not to touch the exhibits. e.g. You are requested not to touch the exhibits.　　　　 3. 突出或突出或强强调行行为或或动作的承受者作的承受者:　　　　 e.g. Such books are written for children. e.g. Such books are written for children.　　　　 4. 有有时主主语较长或或为句子的更好安排句子的更好安排:　　　　 e.g. It has been known to him that many friends e.g. It has been known to him that many friends will come to see him.will come to see him.　　　　 The well-known singer got on the bus and was The well-known singer got on the bus and was recognized by people.recognized by people.　　　　　　三、特殊的被动情形三、特殊的被动情形　　 (1) 含情含情态动词的被的被动语态 <如如: must + be done // have been done >　　 1. Your car _____________ (不能停放不能停放)here. Look, there is a sign reading “No Parking”.　　 2. The test paper ________________ (应该被完成被完成) yesterday.　　 3. The house _________________(过去漆成白色去漆成白色), but now it’s pink.　　 4. the sports meeting ________________ (必必须被被推推迟)because of the bad weather.5. The blackboard ________________ (应当擦干当擦干净)before every class.6. His work ___________ (一定一定做完了做完了), for he is playing computer games now.　　 　　(2) 少数少数动词常用其所接的不定式来表常用其所接的不定式来表示被示被动意意义 　　 1. He seemed _________________ (criticize) for what he had done; he looked unhappy.　　 2. Their talk happened ____________ (hear) by the teacher.　　 3. On the way we happened _____________ (catch) in the rain.　　 　　(3) 短短语动词在被在被动中中不可遗漏其介词不可遗漏其介词或副词或副词　　 1. The doctor has been ______________________ (派人去派人去请).　　 2. Black people used to ________________________(看不起看不起).　　 3. Elderly people should ________________________(好好照好好照顾).　　 4. The problem will _____________________ (给予更多关注予更多关注).　　 5. Every minute ought to _________(充充分利用去学更多知分利用去学更多知识).6. He is often ___________________(嘲嘲笑笑) in public.7. The exercises must ___________(交上交上来来) by Sunday at the latest.8. Mr. White can __________(信信赖) when you are in trouble.　　 　　(4) “动词+ 名名词+ 介介词” 的的动词短短语可有两种被可有两种被动形式形式 (以以pay attention to 为例例)　　 e.g. You should pay special attention to your pronunciation.　　 →　　 →　　 　　(5) 带双双宾的的动词的被的被动句句 (习惯用用间接接宾语为主主语; 若用直接若用直接宾语为主主语,则需加介需加介词to 或或for于于间接接宾语之前之前)　　 e.g. His mother gave him a present for his birthday.→→　　 (6) 带复合复合宾语的的动词的被的被动句句 (宾补保持在原位上保持在原位上,变成主成主补)1. The manager caught him smoking in the smoke-free room.→2. The injured man was found ________ (lie) on the ground.3. I was told _________ (wait) for her at the school gate by him.4. The naughty boy was seen ________(beat)by his father.　　 § 注意注意: 一些一些带省省to的不定式做的不定式做宾补的的使役和感官使役和感官动词,在被在被动中中应补上上to。

1 The boss made little Tom have two meals a day.→2. He was seen ___________ (enter) the hall.3. You couldn’t see him at the meeting. He was seen _______(play)football at that time. 　　※ make / have / let ; see/ watch/ notice/ observe/ look at; hear/ listen to 　　　　(7) 其他系其他系动词也可构成被也可构成被动 　　 1. I have to go to school on foot, for my bike is getting repaired now.　　 2. You’re too lazy; much of the work _______________(还未做未做).　　 3. I found her appearance _________(依然依然未未变) after so many years.　　 4. They ______________ (被耽被耽搁) as a result of the traffic jam.　　 5. The door _____________(一直未一直未锁) after he left.　　　　(8) (8) 非谓语非谓语动词的被动现象动词的被动现象　　 1. The meeting ________________ (hold) yesterday was very important.　　 2. The meeting ________________ at present is very important.　　 3. The meeting ________________ tomorrow is very important.　　 4. What I need is not to _________________ (落后落后).　　 5. She slipped into the classroom without _________________ (notice).　　 　　 6. She was lucky; she escaped ______________ (kill) in the accident.　　 7. The manager wanted the report ____________ (type) immediately.　　 8. I an glad ________________ (invite) to your party last night.　　　　Practice IV1. There is still much work _____________________ (do).2. I can’t go with you; I have a letter ____________(type).3. I’m free now. Perhaps I can help you. Do you still have letters ________?4. He gave me a few books ________ (read).　　 5. The problem is easy ___________ (settle), in my opinion.6. I find the problem easy __________.7. I think this is a problem easy ___________.　　 8. I really don’t know what ___________ (say) now.9. With an important exam ___________ (worry about), I have to work even harder.　　 10. The book is cheap enough ________ (buy).11. The book is too expensive (for me) _________ (buy).12. I wonder which driver is __________ (blame) for the accident. 　　 13. The room wants ____________________ (clean).14. The problem requires ___________________ (discuss) further.15. The film is worth _________________ (see) a second time.　　16. The pen _____________ (write ) smoothly.17. His novels ___________ (sell) well.18. The door ____________ (锁不上不上).　　 19. Food can ______________ (保保鲜) in the fridge.20. The incident was proved, and he ___________ (证明是明是) to be honest.21. As the strawberries __________ (taste) delicious, they sell well.　　cf. ___________ (taste)delicious, the strawberries sell well.　　 四、使用被动语四、使用被动语态时应特别注意的几态时应特别注意的几个问题个问题　　 (1) 常常见的无被的无被动的的动词或短或短语动词 <应在平在平时学学习中多中多积累累!!!>1. The war ___________ in 1939. An accident _________ last night. The sports meeting ____________ next weekend. An idea ____________ to me. (我想起了主意。

我想起了主意) 2.My money ______________ (快用完了快用完了). The horse ____________ (筋疲力尽筋疲力尽) after a long run. My car _____________ (坏了坏了) on the way here.　　  3. The medical team ___________ (由由……组成成) three doctors and ten nurses. The stone _______ (重达重达) 1,000 tons. The raincoat_______（不属于）（不属于）me. 4. The meeting ______________ (不不会持会持续) very long.　　 　　(2) 主主动表被表被动的若干的若干现象象★★ 不定式中的不定式中的现象象★★ 动名名词中的中的现象象★★ 有些有些动词与副与副词连用用时,表示主表示主语的特性★★ 系系动词与感官系与感官系动词没有被没有被动　　(3) 有些介有些介词也可表被也可表被动意意义1. The building is under construction (=is being constructed ).2. The rumor is beyond belief (= can’t be believed).3. The book is not in print (= is not yet printed).4. The plane was out of control (= can’t be controlled).　　  5. He took two days off within the teacher’s permission.6. These days some treasures are on show in the museum.7. That house is for sale (= to be sold).8. His honest character is above all praise (= cannot be praised enough).这样考过这样考过•①(南京调研)The temperature will fall sharply the day after tomorrow，when a snowstorm ________ to strike our area.•A.expects　　　　B．has expected•C．is expected D．will be expected•解析：句意：届时会有暴风雪。

be expected to“预计会做某事”•答案：C•②(北京)The way the guests ________ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.•A．treated B．were treated•C．would treat D．would be treated•解析：句意：客人们在旅馆中被招待的方式影响到对他们服务的评价此题考查时态语态根据题意，客人是被招待的，应排除A、C两项；influenced 时间提示为一般过去时，故选B•答案：B•③(湖南示范性中学联考)After being discovered by Dutch explorers in 1606，the eastern half of Australia ________ by the British in 1770.• A．was claimed B．claimed •C．was claiming D．has been claimed•解析：由句意：自1606年被荷兰探险者发现之后，澳大利亚东半部分在1770年宣布为英国所有，知答案选A。

•答案：A•④(皖西四校)________ is known to us is that the 2012 Olympic Games ________ in London.• A．What; will be held　B．It; will hold • C．As; is held D．Which; holds•解析：由句意知空中应填一个引导主语从句的连接词，并作句子的主语；由句中的时间2012年知表将来，且Olympic Games与hold之间为被动关系综上选A•答案：A•⑤(北京海淀区)If your order is ready，the T­shirt ________ to you as soon as possible.•A．has delivered B．is delivered•C．will deliver D．will be delivered•解析：主语是T­shirt 谓语动词，deliver 应用被动，表示T­shirt被送，排除A、C两项根据语境，如果你定了货，T­shirt 将会随时被送货故选D项•答案：D•⑥(北京宣武区)—A meeting ________ at 3 p.m. next Tuesday.•—Will you go there?•A．has held B．has been held•C．will be held D．will hold •解析：根据时间状语next Tuesday 判断用将来式。

主语是meeting 被举行因此选C项will be held 为将来时的被动式•答案：C•⑦(四川)—Why don't we choose that road to save time?•—The bridge to it ________.•A．has repaired B．is repaired•C．is being repaired D．will be repaired•解析：句意：——为什么我们不选择走那条路以节省时间呢？——因为去那条路的桥正在修理中题目考查了现在进行时的被动语态作谓语桥与修理存在被动关系，而且根据句子语境要求采用进行时态•答案：C•⑧(湖南)Would you please keep silent？The weather report ________ and I want to listen.•A．is broadcast •B．is being broadcast•C．has been broadcast •D. had been broadcast •解析：句意：请安静一下好吗？正广播天气预报呢，我想听听根据句意，该空考查的是现在进行时的被动语态。

•答案：B•⑨(江苏)—Hi，Torry，can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?•—Sorry.________.•A．It's repaired B．It has been repaired•C. It's being repaired D.It had been repaired•解析：句意：——嗨，Torry，今天下午我能用一会儿你的电脑吗？——真抱歉，电脑正在修理该句强调的是此时电脑正被维修，需用现在进行时的被动语态 答案：C•⑩(上海)During the period of recent terrorist activities，people ________ not to touch any unattended bag.•A．had always been warned•B．were always being warned•C．are always warning •D．always warned•解析：句意：在最近恐怖活动期间，人们总是在被警告不要碰任何无人照看的包be always doing sth.总是做某事，表达某种抱怨、不满或赞许的情绪。

人们是“被警告”，要用被动语态•答案：B•⑪(全国Ⅰ)His sister left home in 1998，and ________ since.•A．had not been heard of　•B．has not been heard of •C．had not heard of •D．has not heard of •解析：句意：他妹妹在1998年离开家，从那以后就没了音讯根据句意，指的是过去离开以后，到现在一直没音讯，故用现在完成时；hear of 与his sister 在本句中为被动关系，故用被动语态，所以选B•答案：B•⑫(北京崇文区)It was proven that the story of one witness ________.•A．has been invented B．had been invented•C．would be invented D．was invented•解析：此题考查时态，据证实(It was proven that...)用过去的时态，故后面用过去完成式(已经被编造出来) 答案：B•⑬(皖南八校联考)This Monday morning I was informed I ________ as one of three exchange students from our college.•A．had been choosing B．was chosen•C．had been chosen D．was choosing•解析：过去的过去应用过去完成时的被动语态。

•答案：C•⑭(2006·湖南)In a room above the store，where a party________，some workers were busily setting the table.•A．was to be held B．has been held•C．will be held D．is being held•解析：由some workers were busily setting the table，可知会议要被召开，同时时态为过去时，故选A•答案：A•⑮(青岛质检)—Have you finished your essay?•—Half ________ when you come back.•A．has been done •B．is done•C．be done •D．will have been done•解析：考查动词时态和语态辨析when引导的时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时，所以主句表示将来的动作，且表示“等你回来的时候一半的工作将已经完成”•答案：D•⑯(北京宣武区)At minus 130℃，a living cell can ________ for a thousand years.•A．preserve B．be preserved•C．be preserving D．have been preserved•解析：考查情态动词用法。

can 后面接动词原形，同时应注意被动语态句意为：在零下130℃时，活细胞可以存活一千年•答案：B•⑰(洛阳统考)—Honey，this is a present for your birthday.•—Ah！A pair of shoes，Nike！I think it ________ comfortable.•A．wears B．is worn•C．is wearing D．has worn•解析：it wears comfortable 它穿起来很舒服•答案： A•⑱(郑州预测)—I'd like a pen which ______ well.•—Will this one ________？•A．writes; help B．writes; do•C．is written; work D．is written; help•解析：考查动词的语态和动词辨析第一空表示“一支好用的钢笔”，用主动语态而不用被动，因此空白处填writes答语说：这支笔可以吗？表示“行，可以”用动词do•答案：B•⑲(北京五中)Our house has reached the point where so many things need ________ and it's so hard to find the time to fix them.•A．to do up B．doing up•C．to put up D．putting up•答案：B•⑳(武汉)Mom's spent the day shopping，cleaning and cooking and now she________.•A．has worn out B．is worn out•C．is wearing out D．wears out•解析：本题的第一分句用的是现在完成时，再根据时间状语now可知指现在状况，所以用一般现在时，be worn out意为“筋疲力尽”。

•答案：B•(北京东城区)—Do you know how much a babysitter ________ for an hour?•—Well，it depends.•A．pays B．gets paid•C．being paid D．paid•解析：根据句意“你知道一个保姆一小时挣多少钱吗”可知答案为B•答案：B•(重庆诊断)—What's wrong with your leg?•—It ________ in a car accident.•A．has been hurt B．got hurt •C．hurt D．hurts•解析：考查谓语动词的时态和语态答语意为：在一次车祸中受伤了主语It即指my leg，为谓语动词动作的承受者，因此需要用被动语态；车祸发生在过去，因此应用一般过去时这里got hurt＝was hurt•答案：B•1．The students said hello to the teacher and ________ with a smile.•A．were rewarded B．was rewarded•C．have rewarded D．has rewarded•答案与解析：A　“学生们向老师问好，老师回应给他们一个微笑。

应该是“学生们被回应……”由句意可知此处为被动，故C、D排除；又“the students”做主语，所以谓语动词为“were”，故选A项•2．—Have the traffic police caught the driver?•—Yes.He ________ only two hours after the accident occurred.•A．was caught B．caught•C．has caught D．has caught•答案与解析：A　表示过去某一时间点发生的事用过去式He和caught 形成被动关系，用被动语态•3．—The windows must have taken you quite a long time that day.•—Right.They ________ for weeks.•A．haven't been cleaned B．didn't clean•C．hadn't been cleaned D．haven't cleaned•答案与解析：C　考查时态第一句话的谓语动词是must have taken，说明此处是对过去发生的事情的推测；答语“好几个星期没有打扫了”发生在that day 之前，表示过去的过去，因此用过去完成时。

•4．The advanced high­speed railway ________ in the year 2012，when the Olympics are to be held in London.•A．will be completed B．has completed•C．will have completed D．will complete•答案与解析：A　考查谓语动词的时态句中的时间状语in the year 2012暗示应该用将来的某种时态，主语“The advanced high­speed railway”是动作的承受者，因此应用被动语态，只有选项A为被动语态，答案为A•5．—Why do you look so worried?•—My computer broke down and my essay ________ since.•A．has been left unfinished•B．has left to finish•C．was left to finish•D．had been left unfinished•答案与解析：A　考查动词的时态和语态。

由broke down和since 可知时态用现在完成时，且主语与谓语动词之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态•6．—Why don't you buy that shirt?•—That kind of material _____ well.•A．doesn't wash •B．hasn't washed•C．isn't washed •D．can't be washed•答案与解析：A　有少数及物动词可转化为不及物动词，常见的有：cut，lock，open，read，sell，shut，wash，wear，write等，此时句子的主语一般是物，而且这些动词常和well，easily等连用或与否定词连用构成否定句注意：含有这类动词的句子也可用被动语态表示，但含义不同主动语态表示现状，被动语态则侧重某一动作的发生本句表示那种面料很不耐洗，所以选A•7．After saying good­bye，the couple moved off and ________ in the crowd.•A．was lost B．were lost •C．had lost D．to lose•答案与解析：B　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。

主语是the couple，谓语动词应用复数形式；空中的时态应与moved off 一致，此处应用be lost，表示“消失在人群里”•8．—Why do you go to work by bus?•—Because my car ________.•A．has repaired B．has been repaired•C．was repaired D．is being repaired•答案与解析：D　考查时态与语态从本题语境可知，没有开车的原因是车子正在被修理，因此动词应该使用现在进行时的被动语态•9．He ________ as a child，sent to good schools，and given every chance to be brought up well.•A．reads B．had to read•C．was read to D．read to •答案与解析：C　短语read something to somebody “给某人朗读……”语境为：小时候，有人给他朗读、送他去上好学校、给他提供一切有助于他成材的机会在他儿时，应是别人给他朗读，因此空白处应填was read to。

•10．—What is that noise?•—Oh，I forgot to tell you that the new machine ________.•A．was tested B．will be tested•C．is being tested D．has been tested•答案与解析：C　考查时态和语态由上一句中的一般现在时知说话者询问的是目前的噪声是怎么回事，故答话中应用现在进行时表示目前的情况；同时，机器应是被测试的，故用被动语态•11．This kind of ball pen which ________ smoothly is quite popular with students.•A．is written B．writing •C．written D．writes•答案与解析：D　write vi.写起来，表示事物本身具有的性质，用主动形式write smoothly 写起来流畅which引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，所填部分作定语从句的谓语，故选D•12．The TV series “The Gate of the Sea”，which is adapted from a popular novel，________ in Taizhou in the early 1980s.•A．was set B．is set •C．has been set D．had been set •答案与解析：B　本题考查时态。

句意：“海之门”这部由流行小说改编成的电视连续剧，是以二十世纪八十年代早期的台州为背景由句意可知本题是在陈述客观事实，因此用一般现在时，故选B •13．—Can you see what is written on that board?•—Yes.It ________ “CAUTION：WET FLOOR”．•A．reads B．is read•C．writes D．is written•答案与解析：A　read表示“写着”，做本题时注意与汉语习惯的差异•14．Bread and butter ________ for breakfast in many Chinese homes nowadays.•A．serve B．servers•C．is served D．are served•答案与解析：C　考查主谓一致与语态bread and butter 作为一个整体谓语动词用单数be served for...被当作……；serve breakfast 供应早餐Thank you。