生物活性炭工艺中生物风险及控制措施研究.pdf

硕士学位论文硕士学位论文 生物活性炭工艺中生物风险及控制措施研究 THE RESEARCH ON BIOLOGICAL RISK AND CONTROL MEASURES FOR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVATED CARBON PROCESS 王王 辉辉 哈尔滨工业大学哈尔滨工业大学 2012 年年 06 月月 国内图书分类号：X172 学校代码：10213 国际图书分类号：606 密级：公开 工程工程硕士硕士学位论文学位论文 生物活性炭工艺中生物风险及控制措施研究 硕 士 研 究 生 ： 王 辉 导 师 ： 张金松 教授 申请学位 ： 工程硕士 学科 ： 环境工程 所 在 单 位 ： 深圳研究生院 答 辩 日 期 ： 2012 年 6 月 授予学位单位 ： 哈尔滨工业大学 Classified Index: X172 U.D.C: 606 Dissertation for the Master Degree in Engineering THE RESEARCH ON BIOLOGICAL RISK AND CONTROL MEASURES FOR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVATED CARBON PROCESS Candidate：： Wang Hui Supervisor：： Prof. Zhang Jinsong Academic Degree Applied for：： Master of Engineering Speciality：： Environmental Engineering Affiliation：： Shenzhen Graduate School Date of Defence：： June, 2012 Degree-Conferring-Institution：： Harbin Institute of Technology 哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文 -I- 摘 要 本文在对生物活性炭工艺进行生物风险调查和研究的基础上，研究了生物活性炭工艺出水生物安全性的长期控制措施，提出了长期控制生物活性炭工艺出水生物安全性的运行优化措施。

生物活性炭工艺炭上微生物量随深度增加呈现下降趋势水温 25-30 摄氏度下，生物活性炭工艺出水的细菌总数在 104量级，峰值时达到 6.13×104CFU/ml，随着运行时间增加，出水细菌总数的峰值有所下降生物活性炭工艺存在轮虫、剑水蚤、无节幼体等无脊椎动物大量爆发泄漏的风险调查过程中，出水轮虫出现两次峰值， 最高达 602ind/m3水平； 出水剑水蚤出现 3 次峰值， 最高达 370ind/m3；出水无节幼体出现 3 次峰值，最高值达到 139ind/m3炭层中轮虫、剑水蚤等的丰度将显著影响出水相应生物的丰度，而猛水蚤未观察到此种影响 滤速升高则炭上微生物量和出水细菌总数均增大，导致出水微生物风险增加，其中滤速从从 8m/h 上升到 10m/h 时，炭上微生物量变化最为显著，增加了 3.0×106CFU/g 炭 滤速设为 8m/h 对微生物和无脊椎动物爆发和泄露风险的综合控制效果最佳 在生物活性炭工艺中，提高反冲洗强度将导致生物活性炭工艺出水浊度略微提高在一个过滤周期的末端，不同反冲洗强度下的生物活性炭工艺出水的微生物量差别不明显反冲洗强度为 6.6 L/m2· s 时出水轮虫峰值 610ind/m3，而反冲强度 16.0 L/m2· s 的滤柱出水轮虫峰值却只有 130 ind/m3，说明提高反冲洗强度，可降低生物活性炭工艺中出水的轮虫、无节幼体和剑水蚤密度；另外，提高反冲洗强度可大幅降低活性炭滤层中的剑水蚤丰度；此外，炭层中的轮虫丰度将不定期地出现峰值，并且随着反冲洗强度的提高，峰值时的轮虫丰度会增大，不过对出水中的轮虫丰度影响不明显。

对于生物活性炭工艺，适当延长过滤周期对降低出水微生物量有一定效果过滤周期为 6 天时，出水的平均微生物量最低，为 25000CFU/ml 左右缩短过滤周期，可显著降低生物活性炭工艺炭层和出水的轮虫、无节幼体和剑水蚤的丰度，过滤周期为 1d 时，可有效避免无脊椎动物的峰值出现，降低无脊椎动物爆发和泄露的风险 调整运行参数对生物活性炭工艺出水的 pH 值影响很小；降低滤速将导致 DO消耗量升高，其中由 8m/h 降低到 6m/h 时消耗率尤其明显，降低了 1.0mg/L，过滤周期和反冲洗强度的改变对 DO 值的未产生明显的影响适当降低滤速、反冲洗强度，延长过滤周期将使生物活性炭工艺对 CODMn和 UV254的去除率增加 哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文 -II- 关键词：生物活性炭；生物风险；参数调整；控制措施 哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文 -III- Abstract In this paper，after investigating and researching the biological risk of the biological activated carbon process, we research how to control in a long term the biological safety of the water out from biological activated carbon process, and suggest valid measures to achieve the biological safety for the out-water of biological activated carbon process. In biological activated carbon process, microbial biomass increase with depth declining. When water temperature is between 25-30℃, the total bacterial count of out-water of biological activated carbon process is in 104 order of magnitude, and the maximum value is 6.13×104CFU/ml. In biological activated carbon process, it is existing that invertebrates such as rotifers, cyclops and nauplius break out. In the process of investigation, there are two peaks of rotifers in out-water and the maximum value is 602 ind/m3; there are three peaks of cyclops in out-water and the maximum value is 370 ind/m3; and there are three peaks of nauplius in out-water and the maximum value is 139 ind/m3. The abundance of rotifers and cyclops in the carbon layer will influence the one in out-water. The microbial biomass on carbon and the total bacterial count in water will increase with filter speed increasing, and this leads to increased risk of water microbes. When the filter speed increases from 8 m/h up to 10 m/h, the microbial biomass on carbon changes most significantly and increased 3.0×106 CFU/g. The risk of outbreaks and reveal of microorganisms and invertebrates will be reduced significantly, when the filter speed is 8 m/h. In biological activated carbon process, it will lead to turbidity of out-water from biological activated carbon process slightly increasing that improve the backwashing strength. At the end of a filter cycle, the microbial biomass of out-water from biological activated carbon process with different backwashing strength have no difference. When the reverse washing intensity is 6.6 L/m2· s, the peak of rotifers in the out-water is 610 ind/m3，yet When the backwashing intensity is 16.0 L/m2· s, the peak of rotifers in the out-water is 130 ind/m3， and this indicates improving the reverse wash intensity can reduce the density of invertebrates such as rotifers, cyclops and nauplius in the out-water. Besides, increasing the backwashing strength can greatly reduce the cyclops abundance in the activated carbon filter layer. In addition, the rotifers 哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文 -IV- abundance in the carbon layer will irregularly appears peak, and the peak of rotifers will increase with the back washing being increasing. For biological activated carbon process, extending filter cycle can reduce the microbial biomass in out-water. For six days filter cycle, there is the lowest average microbial biomass in out-water-25000 CFU/mL. Shorting filter cycle can significantly reduce the invertebrate abundance in the activated c。