初中英语语法-英语从句总结.docx
9页初中英语语法总结(从句)从句分为定语从句 ,状语从句 和名词从句 三大类定语从句又分为限定性和非限定性从句两种,由关系代词或关系副词引导,修饰主句的某个成分状语从句分为时间、结果、让步、原因、条件及行为方式状语从句名词从句包括主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句及 there be 句型主系表结构、主谓(宾)结构、there be 结构是英语的三大基本句式,无论一个句子有多长、多复杂,它总是属于这三大句式中的一种学习基本句式,句子成分是一个关键的概念,它是指句子的组成单位,不同的句式由不同的句子成分组成如:主系表结构的成分有主语、系动词、表语;主谓(宾)结构的成分有主语、谓语、宾语;there be 结构的主要成分是主语英语中的句子成分主要有:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、同位语,等等这些句子成分可以由单词、词组或句子充当,当这些成分由句子充当时,我们就有了相应的从句,如:充当主语成分的句子为主语从句,充当宾语成分的句子为宾语从句,等等英语从句三大类型按一般说法,可分为三大类 14 种从句一,名词性从句1 主语从句 Whether it's right or not remains to be seen.2 宾语从句 I wonder whether it's right or not.3 同位语从句 This is a question whether it's right or not.4 表语从句 The question is whether it's right or not.二,定语从句1 限定性定语从句 She is the student who can speak English well.2 非限定性定语从句 She is the student, who can speak English well.三,状语从句1 时间状语从句 The fact will come out when he comes here.2 地点状语从句 You can go wherever you like.3 原因状语从句 Pay more attention to your lessons because you are astudent.4 方式状语从句 He walks as if he were a king.5 目的状语从句 She went to Japan so that she could learn Japanese well.6 结果状语从句 She went to Japan so that she learned Japanese well.7 条件状语从句 I will understand it if he tells me.8 让步状语从句 He knows a lot though he is little.1.定语从句There are some old books in the box.The boy dressed in blue is from America.➢ 分清几个概念:先行词与关系代词/关系副词。
先行词是指定语从句所修饰的中心词;关系代词主要有 who, whom, whose, which, that; 关系副词主要有 when, where, why关系代词和关系副词有两个作用,一是连接主句和从句的作用,二是在定语从句中做成分n 定语从句分为:限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 , 限定性定语从句如果去掉会影响句子意义的完整性,非限定性定语从句即使去掉也不会影响句子意义的完整性,如:July is the month when we have a lot of rain.There are many plays (that) I’d like to see.The meeting was put off, which surprised us a lot.This note is left by Mary, who was here a moment ago.1. 非限定性定语从句,其作用为:对所修饰的成分作进一步的说明,它与主句用逗号隔开此类从句省略后其余部分仍可成立在非限定性定语从句中,which 可代表前面的整个句子;代表人时只能用 who,whom,而不能用 that;as 也可用作关系代词。
例如:1.The telephone,as we know,was the invention of Alexander Graham Bell.2.Franklin D.Roosevelt,who died there on April 12,1945.3.Living in a damp(潮湿的) house for a long time is harmful to on e’s health,which is known to everyone.2. 限定性定语从句中 that 可代表人和事,而 which 只代表事;二者在从句中作主语或宾语that 作宾语时常可省略,which 则不能,而且其后的“不及物动词+介词’’中的介词不能省略which 作宾语时,先行词与 which 之间的介词不能省例如:1.The first doll that could say“mama”was invented in 1830.2.The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part,during whichhe sailed round the Cape Horn 合恩角.➢ 代表 all,anything,something,nothing,much 等词时,用 that 而不用which,that 作宾语可省略。
例如:1.I care anything that has something to do with it.2.You'd better do something he prefers to do to please him.3.That is the last time we met each other.4.I came across the woman you told me about yesterday.➢ who 和 whom 引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句的主语和宾语where是关系副词,用于表示地点的定语从句,而 when 用来表示时间whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语例如:1.Henry Ford is the person who is most responsible for developing the idea ofmass production.2.The knee is the joint where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lowerleg.3.The next morning, when she came down to breakfast , Mary wasbeaming with the pleasure of a new,great discovery.4.The visiting professor is a famous scientist whose son studies in mydepartment.➢ 注意几点:that 可替代 who, whom(指人),也可替代 which(指物)whose 既可指人又可指物引导定语从句的关系代词紧跟介词做从句的宾语时,不用 that,只用 which// 不能用 which,只能用 that 的情况….几个例子:Is she the girl that/who sells flowers?The train that/which has just left is for Xi’an.The people (who/that/whom) you were talking to were Russians.The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.I have never met the boy whose mother is a famous actress.My book is on the table whose legs are broken.He went to China in 1945, when the War World II was over.Look, this is the house where the writer was born.The tool with which he is working is called a wrench(扳手).2.状语从句He swims fast.Nervous, he opened the letter.Legs broken, the soldier crawled back home.She used to stay up until midnight.With a book in his hand, the teacher came in.➢ 状语从句可分为:时间状语从句(主要由 when,whenever,after,before,a5,since,once,until,while 等连词引导),结果状语从句(由 so…that 和 such…that连接),让步状语从句(由 though,although, no matter,even if, however,whatever 等词引导),原因状语从句(由 as,because,since 和 for 引导),条件状语从句(由 if, whether,as long as ,provided that 等词引导),地点状语从句(由 where 引导),行为方式状语从句(由 as 引导)。
有时条件状语从句中,主句不可以用将来时,而用一般时代替➢ 状语从句中的 “主语+be”可以省略,前提是:从句主语和主句主语一致,且从句谓语“be”省略后的结构为“连词+现在分词/过去分词介词短语/形容词/名词短语”) 例如:1.If necessary,I would like to see you in your office.2.Although seriously wounded,he never complained.条件状语从句:1)Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.( 除非,若不;相当于 if---not)即: If you are too tired,we’ll not go out for a walk.2)You may borrow my book as long as you keep it cle。

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