
托福写作常见错误整理.pdf
6页智 课 网 托 福 备 考 资 料托福写作常见错误整理1.不一致(Disagreements)所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致,它还包 括了数的不一致时态不一致及代词不一致等 例1. When one have money ,he can do what he want to (人一旦有了钱,他就能想干什么就干什么)剖析:one是单数第 三人称,因而本句的have应改为has ;同理,want应改为wants本句是典型的主谓不一致 改为:Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do) 2、 修饰语错位(Misplaced Modifiers)英语与汉语不同,同一个修 饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能引起变化对于这一点中国 学生往往没有引起足够的重视,因而造成了不必要的误解例1. I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus 剖析:better位置不当,应置于句末 3、 句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)在口语中,交际双方可借助 手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解。
可是用在托福写作 中的书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常 常发生在主句写完以后,笔者又想加些补充说明时发生例1. There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on 剖析:本句后半部分“for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on 不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句 改为:There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper 4、 悬垂修饰语(Dangling Modifiers)所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的 短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清例如:At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中“at the age of ten”只点出十岁时,但没有说明“ 谁”十岁时按一般推理不可能是my grandfather,如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,全句就不那么费解了。
改为: When I was ten, my grandfather died 例1. To do well in college, good grades are essential 剖析:句中不定式短语 “to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚 改为: To do well in college, a student needs good grades 5.词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)“词性误用”常表现为: 介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等 例1. None can negative the importance of money 剖析:negative 系形容词,误作动词 改为: None can deny the importance of money 6、指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)指代不清主要 讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致 试看下面这一句: Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid。
玛丽和我姐姐很要好,因为她要她做她的伴娘)读完上面这一句 话,读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘如果我们 在托福写作中把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确,意思就一目 了然了这个句子可改为: Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid 例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself 剖析:句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致 改为: We can also know society by serving it ourselves 7、不间断句子(Run-on Sentences)什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句例1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world 剖析:这个句子包含了两层完整的意思:“There are many ways 以及“We get to know the outside world。
简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了 改为: There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或: There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world 8、措词毛病(Troubles in Diction)Diction 是指在特定的句子中如 何适当地选用词语的问题,囿于教学时间紧迫,教师平时在这方面花的 时间往往极其有限,影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲,斟酌的 习惯他们往往随心所欲,拿来就用所以托福写作中用词不当的错误 比比皆是 例1. The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染)剖析:显然, 考生把obstacles“障碍”,“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了另 外“the increasing use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。
改为: The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution 9、累赘(Redundancy)言以简洁为贵写句子没有一个多余的词; 写段落没有一个无必要的句子能用单词的不用词组;能用词组的不用从 句或句子如: In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him 本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句,我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句” 可以改为:In spite of his laziness, I like him例1. For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need 剖析:整个句子可以大大简化 改为: Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need 10、 不连贯(Incoherence)不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语,或 是结构上不畅通。
这也是考生常犯的毛病 例1. The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth 剖析:The fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯It 与things 在数方面不一致 改为: Fresh water is the most important thing in the world 11、 综合性语言错误(Comprehensive Misusage)所谓“综合性 语言错误”,是指除了上述十种错误以外,还有诸如时态,语态,标点 符号,大小写等方面的错误 例1.Today, Money to everybody is very importance, our‘s eat, cloth, live, go etc以上内容就是托福写作中经常出现的11个常见错误,考生们要记牢 这些,尽量避免这些问题的发生,尤其像第9种错误,一些考生为了增 加单词量在句子中添加一些无用词,是整段内容显得冗杂繁琐,这类情 形要减少发生,只要在生活中多积累经典语句,在托福写作中自然不会 发生凑词凑句的情况发生 看过此文的朋友还看过: 新托福写作高分必备的常用引言集合1 新托福写作复习该准备的十个核心话题 新托福写作高分进阶应知注意事项。
