中考英语词汇的主要考题形式以及常见错误原因和应试策略.doc
7页中考英语词汇的主要考题形式以及常见错误原因和应试策略重庆市江津第六中学 付林总体来说,中考词汇类考题,主要是把单词放在特定语境中(即句子或短文中),要求考生通过对语句的理解,结合所给单词提示(汉语提示、首字母提示或给出单词),写出正确的单词形式,从而使句子或短文的意思完整纵观近年来全国各地的中考英语试题,常见的词汇类考题题型主要有:“根据汉语提示,填写句中所缺单词”;“根据首字母提示,写出单词的正确形式”;“用所给单词的适当形式填空”;“用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空”和“用所给动词的正确形式填空”等它们命题的主要目的在于考查考生下列能力:1、 句子分析能力;2、 构词知识的运用能力;3、 同义词、近义词的辨析能力;4、 对拼写相似单词的辨别能力差5、 动词时态、语态及非谓语用法运用的辨别能力下面结合2011年中考英语试题中的词汇类考题,将具体的各类题型的特点和解题计巧给大家介绍一下,以提高大家在指导考生应试时参考:一、中考词汇类考题的主要形式(一)、中文提示写单词【题型特点】这类题通常要求在单个句子或在一篇短文中,根据中文提示,写出单词或词组的正确形式该类题主要以考查学生的记忆能力、句子分析能力和构词知识运用能力为主。
解题技巧】1、 根据中文提示回忆该词单词的正确拼写形式;2、 回想一下该词的词性,有无相关的派生词语;3、 结合句子所表达的意义,通过分析所填词或词组在句中的语法作用,从而确定其语法变化形式(如名词的复数形式、名词所有格;形容词的比较级、最高级;数词的基数词形式与序数词形式;动词的时态、语态变化等);决定所填词或词组的最终形式中考真题链接】1.(2011 宁波)根据下列句子及所给汉语注释,写出正确的单词形式1)Ningbo is a beautiful _______ (城市) with a long history. 2) Uncle Wang usually goes ______ (游泳)in the river nearby on Sundays. 3) He can’t see the blackboard clearly, so he needs a pair of ______ (眼镜)4) Sorry, I can’t follow you. Would you please speak more _______ (缓慢地)? 5) David wanted to buy an iphone 4 , but his father didn’t _______ (同意)。
2.(2011 福州)根据中文意思,用词组的适当形式填空 1)Students should get to school ______ ______ every day. (准时)2)______ ______ to some fruits, Bruce. (请随便吃……)3) Amy has grown up and she is _____ _____ a child.(不再)4) Doing eye exercises is ______ _____ our eyes. (对……有利)5) ---Have you ______ _______ the new dress ? ----Yes, it looks nice on me. (试穿)3. (2011 浙江绍兴)阅读短文,然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出正确的单词形式In Beijing , it is not unusual to see a foreigner. However, in a small ___1__(城镇) , we can be seen as a “ panda”, something you have heard about but ____2__ ( 几乎不) or never seen in person. My wife is Chinese and the first time I met her parents we went to their home in a ___3___ (西部的)province. We arrived in the afternoon and went inside to eat and ___4__ (闲聊) . After I had a short rest, I was told that there was a ___5__ ( 群) of people on the street waiting for a chance to see the “panda”. Then I decided I should show ___6__ (我自己) so that everyone could go back to their ____7__ (日常的)lives. After I had gone back inside that evening, we ___8__ (注意到) that some other people were out on the street. They would have to wait ___9__ (直到) the next day to see the “panda”. The kids next to the home were surprised when they saw me __10____ (步行)down the road. They were shouting “ Foreigner ! Foreigner !” as they ran along with me. Please remember that there is a place in the world where every one of us would be a “ panda”【解析】1.1)根据句中空格前的不定冠词a可知,“城市”city为单数名词,直接写出即可。
2)“游泳”为swim,但其前有动词go,故swim与go构成短语go swimming,因此,此处应填swimming 3)“眼镜”为复数名词,正确形式为glasses 4)“缓慢地”从汉语意义和在句中的位置可知,应为副词形式slowly. 5)“同意”w为动词,其拼写形式为agree因为其前有一般过去时的否定助动词didn’t ,故agree不变2. 1) on time准时”为介词短语on time 2) help yourself 随便吃”为help yourself或help yourselves如果句中的指代的对象为多人用help yourselves; 如果指代的对象为一个人,就使用help yourself本句中只是对Bruce一人而言,所以,正确形式为help yourself 3) no longer不再”可用no longer、not ……any longer;no more;not……any more来表示表示状态的“不再”,用no longer和not……any longerno longer用在句中,而not…any longer中的any longer 用在句末。
no more与not…..any more主要说明动作的不再,其用法与no longer 和not…..any longer一致根据本句意思,应用词组no longer 4) good for “对……有利”为be good for…,短语中的动词be已经根据句子的要求变为is,故填上good for即可 5) tried on “试穿”为try on,根据句首的助动词have可知,短语try on的动词须变为过去分词形式tried3. 1)town根据空格前的不定冠词a可知,名词town不作变化 2) hardly几乎不”为否定副词hardly,直接写出即可 3)western西部的”为形容词western,在本句中没有比较的意思,直接写出 4) chat闲聊”为动词chat,根据句子结构可知,这里使用的是动词不定式的并列结构,故chat前的to须省去,用动词原形 5) group群”group为一单位名词,其前有不定冠词a,故名词group使用单数形式 6)myself我自己”使用反身代词myself 7)daily日常的”为形容词daily. 8)noticed。
动词“注意到”为notice,但根据上一句可知,指过去发生的动作,故notice须用动词的过去式noticed 9)until直到”为连词until. 10)walk步行”为动词walk,但本句运用了句型see sb do sth来表示发生过的动作,故动词walk不作变化二)、首字母提示或首字母加汉语提示写单词题型特点】这类题通常在一个单句或在一篇短文中,根据给出该单词的首字母或给出该单词的首字母的同时给出中文提示,要求考生写出正确的单词此类题主要以考查学生的记忆能力为主,句子分析能力和构词知识运用能力为辅,在难度上比“根据汉语提示写单词”要低一些解题技巧】1、做此类考题,要注意首字母或在首字母基础上的汉语提示,因为它确定所写单词的范围,所以不能写出同一汉语意义下的其它同义词;2、根据句子语法要求,对所写单词作出正确的词形变化中考真题链接】1.(宁波)在下列各句的空格处填上一个适当的完整的单词,该单词的首字母已经给出1) It’s cold outside. Please put on your w______ winter coat. 2) Last year we p______ a lot of trees around our school. And now they grow well. 3) This backpack is c_______, but he still can’t afford it. 4) May is the f______ month of year. 5) Don’t worry about me, mom. I can take care of m_____. \2.(安徽)根据首字母及汉语提示,完成下列单词的拼写。
使句意明确,语言通顺 1). She r _______(骑) to school on her bicycle every day. 2). My grandma often gets up e_________(早) to do exercise. 3). My main t _______(任务) was to prepare for the meeting. 4). Linda is a s_______(聪明) and hard-working student.5). He told me to go out to find some s ______(枝条) for a fire.【解析】1. 1)warm根据第一句It’s cold outside可知,这里指穿上的“暖和的”衣服,根据首字母w提示可知,单词为warm 2)planted根据句中的a lot of trees、And now they grow well和首字母p的提示,可知该单词为动词plant,结合句首的时间状语last year,所写单词plant应变为过去式p。





