主谓一致(精解).doc

专题3 主谓一致一、含义：主谓一致是指在英语句子中，主语和谓语在人称，数和时态等方面要保持一致其包括：意义一致，语法一致和就近原则3种二、 意义一致原则1. 含义：指主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式保持一致2. 需注意问题1）一些以s结尾的名词(如maths, physics, news等)作主语时，谓语动词用三单形式2) people, police总视为复数，但family, class, company, crowd, police等，若表示集体时，视为单数，若表示集体中的各个成员时，则表示复数eg: My family is big and happy. My family are watching TV now.3) 表示时间，金钱，距离，度量等短语作主语时，谓语动词用上单形式eg: Three hours is a long time.4) 由every, some, any, no构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用三单形式eg: Everything goes well.5) 动名词，不定式或从句作主语，谓语动词用三单形式eg: Smoking is harmful to us.6) 由“the+姓氏的复数姓氏”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式eg: The Greens are friendly to me.7) 代词what, which, who, some, all等作主语时，谓语动词应该根据其所指代的意义来决定eg: All is right. (一切顺利) All are present.(所有人都到齐了)三、 语法一致原则1. 含义：指谓语的单，复数形式要与主语的单，复数保持一致2. 需注意的问题：1）并列结构作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式eg: Reading and writing are important for us但是，若由every……and every……..构成的并列结构做主语，谓语动词用三单形式eg: Every boy and every girl is very good.另外，若一个人含双重身份，即只有一个冠词的，作主语时，谓语动词用三单形式eg: The writer and the artist are from China.[那个作家和那个艺术家 都是中国人]The writer and artist is from China.[那个既是作家又是艺术家的 是中国人]2）由“half of, part of, most of, 序数词+of,百分数+of”后+名词作主语时，谓语动词依据of后的名词来决定eg: 2/3 of the surface of land is covered by water. 60% of students are girls in our class.3) each作代词时，当主语，其后的谓语动词应用三单形式eg: Each of the children has an apple.4) 一些名词被many a或more than one 所修饰，作主语时谓语动词多用三单形式eg: Many a person has read the novel.但是若由“more than……of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词应根据of后的名词来决定eg: More than 60% of the students are from the city.5) 在主语后跟有with, except, together with, as well as等短语时，谓语动词则根据原来的主语来决定(亦称就远原则)eg: I with my parents am a worker.四、就近原则1. 含义：指谓语动词的形式应与最靠近它的主语保持一致2. 情况1）There be句型中eg: There is a pen and two books on the desk. There two books and a pen on the desk.2) 在here开头的倒装句中eg: Here comes a dog and two men Here come two men and a dog3) 在either……or……./neither…..nor……/not only……but also……等连接的并列主语时，谓语动词应与最靠近它的保持一致eg: Not only he but also I am a teacher.。