人版八年级英语（上册)单词短语句型和语法总结.doc

Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?[重点语法]不定代词：不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词用法注意：1. some 和any +可数名/不可数名some 多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句 有些问句中用some,不用any, 问话者希望得到对方肯定回答2. 由some, any, no, every 与 body, one, thing构成的复合不定代词作主语时,其谓语动词用三单3. 不定代词若有定语修饰,该定语要置于其后：如：something interesting[重点短语]1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth  为某人买某物2. taste + adj. 尝起来……3. nothing...but + V.<原形> 除了……之外什么都没有4. seem + + adj  看起来5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事         9. want to do sth. 想去做某事10. start doing sth. 开始做某事=begin doing sth.11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 区分： stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事12.  dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事14.  so + adj + that + 从句    如此……以至于……16. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人〔不要 做某事17. keep doing sth.   继续做某事18. forget to do sth.  忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth   忘记做过某事[词语辨析]1.  take a photo/ take photos 拍照quite a few+名词复数 "许多…"2. seem + 形容词  看起来…... You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎/好像做某事  I seem to have a coldIt seems + 从句  似乎..….  It seems that no one believe you.seem like ... 好像,似乎…..    It seems like a good idea.3. arrive in +大地点= get to= reach+地点名   "到达......"arrive at +小地点  〔注：若后跟地点副词here/there/home, 介词需省略,如： arrive here; get home4. feel like sth 感觉像…feel doing sth. 想要做某事5. wonder〔想知道+疑问词〔who, what, why>引导的从句。

6. because of  +名/代/V-ingbecause+从句He can’t take a walk because of the rain.I don’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.7.  enough +名词  足够的…...形容词/副词+enoughUnit2 How often do you exercise?[重点语法]1. 频率副词: always, usually, often, sometimes, never频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be动词或助动词之后常用于一般现在时态中2."次数"的表达方法一次 once, 两次twice,三次或三次以上：基数词+ times, 如：three times, five times,3. how often"多久一次"问频率,回答常含有频率词组或短语常见的how疑问词：1How soon 多久〔以后—How soon will he be back?他多久能回来？—He will be back in a month. 他一个月后能回来2how long "多久"—How long did it take you to clean the house? 你打扫房子用了多久？—It took me half an hour to clean the house. 我打扫这房子用了半小时。

3How many+名复How much+不可名"多少" 问数量〔how much 还可问价格[重点短语]1. go to the movies 去看电影               2. look after = take care of 照顾3. surf the internet 上网                    4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式5. go skate boarding 去划板                 6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康7. eating habits 饮食习惯                   8. take more exercise 做更多的运动          9. the same as 与什么相同                10. be different from 不同                 11. once a month一月一次                  12. twice a week一周两次          13.make a difference to 对......有影响/作用        14. most of the students=most students15. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物 16. be good for 对......有益                    17. be bad for 对......有害                    18. come home from school放学回家   19. of course = certainly = sure 当然             20. get good grades 取得好成绩     21. keep/be in good health 保持健康          22. take a vacation 去度假    [词语辨析]1. maybe / may bemaybe 是副词,意为"大概, 可能,或许",一般用于句首。

May be是情态动词,意为"可能是...,也许是...,大概是...".The baby is crying. Maybe she is hungry.The woman may be a teacher.2. a few / few / a little / littlea few <少数的,几个,一些>a little <一点儿,少量>表示肯定few <很少的,几乎没有的>little  <很少的,几乎没有的>表示否定修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词People can live to 100, but few people can live to 150.There is little time left. I won’t catch the first bus.Could you give me a little milk?3. hard / hardlyhard作形容词,意为"困难的,艰苦的,硬的"；作副词,意为"努力地,猛烈地"hardly为副词,意为"几乎不"The ground is too hard to dig.I can hardly understand them.It’s raining hard. The people can hardly go outside.4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .  as for...意思是"至于；关于",+名词、代词或动词的-ing形式〔即动名词。

如： As for him,I never want to see him here.至于他,我永远不希望在这里见到As for the story,you'd better not believe it.关于那故事,你最好不要相信5. That sounds interesting.　这是"主语+系动词+表语"结构的简单句sound〔听起来,look〔看起来,smell〔闻起来,taste〔尝起来,feel〔觉得,seem〔好象,grow〔变得,get〔变得等词在英语中可用作系动词,后跟形容词作表语如：It tastes good.  这味道好The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了6. percent  名词,意为"百分之……" 百分数的表示方法：基数+ percent <不用复数形式>,percent做主语时,谓语动词的数要根据其后面的名词来确定50％：fifty percent　百分之五十Fifty percent of the apples are bad. 50%的苹果都坏了。

Twenty percent of the meat is in the  fridge. 20%的肉都在冰箱7. not… at all 意为"一点也不",not应放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后The story isn’t interesting at all. 那个故事一点也没有趣8. It is + adj. to do sth. 做某事是……的It is interesting to play computer games. 玩电脑很有趣9. take, spend, payIt takes sb. some time to do sth. 意为"花费某人……时间来做某事"人 spend 时间/钱 on sth. "买某物花了……钱"人 spend 时间/钱  doing"花费多少时间来做某事"pay 的主语必须是人,而"花钱买某物"为pay...for...10. however 副词,意为"然而,可是",表示转折关系,可放在句首、句中、句末Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.[重点语法]1. 形容词和副词的比较等级〔1形容词和副词的原形就是原级〔2比较级,表示较……或更……〔3最高级, 表示最...。

2. 比较级句型: 〔1A + be动词+形容词的比较级+than +B "A比B更……"〔注意：A与B必须是同级的,即必须是人与人,物与物进行对比〔2"A+实意动词+副词比较。