九年级Unit2A课件3Grammar4c.ppt

I know that the Water Festival is really fun.I wonder if they’ll have the races again next year.I wonder whether June is agood time to visit Hong Kong.I believe that April is the hottest month in Thailand.What fun the Water Festival is!How fantastic the dragon boat teams were!How pretty the dragon boats were!How delicious the food is in Hong Kong! Look at these sentencesWhat a great day!What fun the Water Festival is!How pretty the dragon boats were!How delicious the food is in Hong Kong!感叹句感叹句通常由通常由what, how引导引导,表示赞美、表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情。

惊叹、喜悦等感情Exclamatory statementswhat引导的感叹句What an honest man (he is)!What beautiful flowers (these are)!What bad weather (it is)!how引导的感叹句How good a book it is!How careless (you are)!How I miss you!How+ adj.+ a/an+ n.+主主+谓谓+…!How+(adj./adv.)+主主+谓谓+…!What+ a/an+(adj.)+n.(单数单数)+(主主+谓谓)+…!What+(adj.)+n.(复数复数/不可数不可数)+(主主+谓谓)+…!宾语从句宾语从句:一一.宾语从句的概念宾语从句的概念（（什么是宾语从句）什么是宾语从句）试比较试比较 We know him．． 简单句简单句 主主s 谓谓v 宾宾o We know he likes basketball.复合句复合句 主主s 谓谓v 宾宾o 主主s 谓谓v 宾宾o 宾语从句就是由一个宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语句子来构成主句的宾语 We know that Mr Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right. He couldn’t tell me where his home was.主句主句连接词连接词宾语从句宾语从句that连接词连接词连接词连接词（宾语从句）（宾语从句） 1. I think that they’re fun to watch.2. Mary thinks that the teams were fantastic.3.3. Bill wonders whether they’ll have the sweet rice dumplings again next year.4.4. I wonder if it’s similar to the water festival of the Dai people in Yunnan Province.Read the sentences below, paying attention to the underlined parts.Object clauses with that, if and whether二、宾语从句三要素二、宾语从句三要素 引导词引导词（连接词）（连接词） 语语 序序 时时 态态①①陈述句陈述句→that (口语中常被省略。

口语中常被省略)②②一般疑问句一般疑问句→if/whether③③特殊疑问句特殊疑问句→原有的特殊疑问词原有的特殊疑问词 陈述句语序陈述句语序（主句（主句 +连接词连接词 +主语主语 +谓语谓语 +其他成分其他成分.））①①当主句是一般现在时，从句用该用的时态当主句是一般现在时，从句用该用的时态②②当主句是一般过去时态，从句必须用当主句是一般过去时态，从句必须用 相应的过去的某一时态相应的过去的某一时态1.These planet will produce food and oxygen that we need to live on Mars.2.Scientists will develop plants that can grow on Mars.3.People think that humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier.4.We all know that Mars is a planet in the solar system.5.The journey to Mars could take only a very short time in space shuttles that travel at half the speed of light.6.Some scientists do not believe that the journey to Mars will be very comfortable.Which of the following sentences has an object clause?√√√4a Write sentences using the words given. e.g. think/Lantern Festival/beautiful I think that the Lantern Festival is beautiful. 1. don’t know/whether/he/come home/for the festival _______________________________________________ 2. believe/Water Festival/most/fun _______________________________________________ 3. wonder/if/mooncakes/delicious _______________________________________________4. how/exciting/races _______________________________________________ 5. what/interesting/city _______________________________________________I don’t know whether he will come home for the festival.I believe the Water Festival is the most fun. I wonder if the mooncakes are delicious.How exciting the races are!What an interesting city! Read the passage below and underline the objective clauses. Dear Xia Yu, Do you know that there are two special days for parents in America? One is Mother’s Day on the second Sunday of May and the other is Father’s Day on the third Sunday of June. On these two days, American children often give gifts to their parents or take them out for lunch or dinner. Common gifts are flowers and cards for mothers and shirts or ties for fathers. I heard that it is becoming more and more popular to celebrate Mother’s Day and Father’s Day in China. I wonder if children over there also give similar gifts to their parents. I believe that there are many ways to show our love. Actually, we don’t have to spend a lot of money. It is also a good idea to help parents to do something instead. June4b Object clauses with that由由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由由由由thatthat引导。

引导注：注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不充当成分，在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不充当成分， 在口语当中往往省略在口语当中往往省略 The teacher says ,“We’ll have exams next Friday.”→The teacher says (that ) we’ll have exams next Friday. The girl said,“I can help him.”→The girl said (that) she could help him. Miss Liu will go to the beach tomorrow. (I hear) The food was delicious . ( He says )I hear (that) Miss Liu will go to the beach tomorrow. He says (that) the food was delicious . 一、连词（引导词）一、连词（引导词）一、连词（引导词）一、连词（引导词）练一练练一练1.This is a book.2.You like singing.3.He worked last night.4.They will go home.5.Jim has been to Beijing.6.She sings well.用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1. I know …2. She says …3. Tell your friend …（（that））1. I hear (that) _______________________. 2. He said (that) ______________________. 3. The teacher told us (that) _______________ ________________. he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth movesaround the sun练习：练习：1.April is the hottest month of the year. (I believe…) ___________________________________________ 2. It was a little crowded. ( I guess…) _____________________________________________3. The races were not that interesting to watch. (Bill thinks …) ____________________________________4. The Water Festival is really fun.( I know…) _____________________________________________ 他将一小时候回来他将一小时候回来 他很想念我们他很想念我们 地球围着太阳旋转地球围着太阳旋转I believe (that) April is the hottest month of the year. I guess (that) it was a little crowded. Bill thinks (that) the races were not that interesting to watch. I know (that) the Water Festival is really fun. 连词连词that不能省略的几种情况不能省略的几种情况 在由在由that引导的宾语从句中，由于连词引导的宾语从句中，由于连词that只起引导功能，无只起引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常具体意义，不担当任何成份，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。

然而，大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列可省略然而，大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列that引导的宾引导的宾语从句中，语从句中，that则不能省略则不能省略1. 从句的主语是从句的主语是that如： He says that that is a real king’s hat. 他说那是一个真的王冠他说那是一个真的王冠2. that从句中含有主从复合句如：从句中含有主从复合句如： I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it, you must pay for it.3. 主、从句之间有插入语时如：主、从句之间有插入语时如： It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays. 卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的4. 若出现两个或两上以上的由若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾语从句，且由并列引导的宾语从句，且由并列 连词连接时，只有第一个连词连词连接时，只有第一个连词that可以省略如：可以省略如： She said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her son. 她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。

她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来Object clauses with if and whether当宾语从句是一般疑问句时连词由当宾语从句是一般疑问句时连词由if和和whether引导引导表表“是否是否”的意思的意思我问他我问他是否是否想去游泳想去游泳I ask Does he want to go swim?if/whetherI ask he wants to go swim1.改为陈述句语气，改为陈述句语气，2.用用if/whether连接连接一、连词（引导词）一、连词（引导词）一、连词（引导词）一、连词（引导词）Object clauses with if and whether由由if / whether引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 I. if和和whether引导宾语从句时，作引导宾语从句时，作“是否是否”讲，一般讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用但情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用但if常用于口语中，常用于口语中，whether比较正式比较正式Ⅱ. if和和whether引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语从句三要引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语从句三要素，即素，即连词、语序和时态连词、语序和时态。

if和和whether连接的是连接的是一般疑一般疑问句问句，因此要注意把从句语序，因此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序改为陈述句语序如： Does Mr Zhao live in Room 2008? Could you tell me? →Could you tell me if/whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 2008? Tom asked me, “Are you a student?” →Tom asked me if I was a student.其次要注意时态变化：其次要注意时态变化： 1. 若若主句主句是是一般现在时一般现在时，，从句从句用任何用任何所需时态所需时态如： He wants to know if / whether they had a good journey home. 他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快2. 若若主句是一般过去时主句是一般过去时，，从句从句则用跟过去则用跟过去相关的时态相关的时态即一般现在时变为一般过去时、现在进行时变为过去进即一般现在时变为一般过去时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过行时、一般将来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。

如：去完成时如： Did the train leave? She didn’t know. →She didn’t know if / whether the train had left. Li Lei wonders . Is Jim in ? → Li Lei wonders if Jim is in. The doctor wonders . Has she taken any medicine ? →The doctor wonders if she has taken any medicine. Tom asked me, “Are you a student?” →Tom asked me if I was a student. 一般疑问句语序变陈述句语序一般疑问句语序变陈述句语序①①原一般疑问句的主语前如果是原一般疑问句的主语前如果是be 动词、动词、情态情态动词动词或或其他其他助动词，助动词，则应将其则应将其放到主语之后放到主语之后如：如：He asks: Is Tom a diver? --- He asks whether Tom is a driver.练习：将下列句子改成陈述句语序：练习：将下列句子改成陈述句语序： 1.Is there a bank near here? 2.Is it on Fifth Avenue? 3.Are they doing homework? 4.Can we wear hats in school?There is a bank near here It is on Fifth Avenue They are doing homeworkwe can wear hats in school 二、语序二、语序二、语序二、语序②②原一般疑问句的主语前如果是助动词原一般疑问句的主语前如果是助动词do / does / did，应去掉，谓语动词应改为其相应的形式，应去掉，谓语动词应改为其相应的形式③③原一般疑问句的主语前如果是原一般疑问句的主语前如果是don’t / doesn’t / didn’t，则直接将其放到主语之后；，则直接将其放到主语之后；如：如：Does he like apples? I don’t know. --- I don’t know whether he likes apples.5.Does she work in a hospital? 6.Did you go to Center Park?7.Do we have to wear a uniform? she works in a hospital you went to Center Park we have to wear a uniform练一练练一练1.Is he reading ?2.Do you get up at six?3.Does Tom work hard?4.Did you watch TV ?5.Will they read books ?6.Can you sing ?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do you know …2.I want to know …3.The teacher asks …if/whether1.Is Jim at home? (I wonder…) ___________________________________________2. Is June a good time to visit Hong Kong? ( He wonders) _______________________________________________3. Does he like sports? ( Do you know…)______________________________________________4. Will they play basketball after school? ( He asked…) _______________________________________________5.Did he like this sweater? (I want to know…) ______________________________________________6.Can you help me ?(He asked me …) ________________________________________Object clauses with if and whetherI want to know if (whether) he liked this sweater.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.I wonder if/whether Jim is at home? He wonders if/weather June is a good time to visit Hong Kong. Do you know if /whether he likes sports? He asked if whether they Will play basketball after school. Ⅲ. if和和whether的区别的区别二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：1.宾语从句宾语从句置于句首置于句首表示强调时，应表示强调时，应whether，， 不用不用if。

如：如： Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell. 这是否对，我不能判断这是否对，我不能判断2. 宾语从句宾语从句与与or not直接直接连用连用时，应时，应 whether，，不能用不能用if如： I don’t know whether or not he will come tomorrow. 我不知道他明天是否来我不知道他明天是否来3. 与动词不定式连用与动词不定式连用时，只能用时，只能用whether如： She can’t decide whether to go to America. 她不能决定是否去美国她不能决定是否去美国注意以下情况只用注意以下情况只用whether不用不用if4. 从句从句作介词宾语作介词宾语时，只能用时，只能用whether如： I worry about whether I hurt her feeling. 我担心是否伤了她的感情我担心是否伤了她的感情5. 宾语从句的宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用，只能用 if，不能用，不能用whether。

如：如： Tom wants to know if he won’t come here tomorrow.汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿6. if意为意为“假如，如果假如，如果”时，可以引导条件状语时，可以引导条件状语从句，而从句，而whether没有这个用法如：没有这个用法如： If Simon comes here tomorrow, I’ll call you. 假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打告诉你假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打告诉你特别强调：特别强调：If 与与whether 的区别的区别(不可替代的情况不可替代的情况)1.I don’t know ____________ he will come or not. （与（与or not 连用只能用连用只能用whether））2.That depends on ___________he can come back. （介词后只能用（介词后只能用whether））3.He wondered _____________to stay here the next week.（后与（后与to do 不定式连用只能用不定式连用只能用whether））4.____________he will come is not decided. （句首只能用（句首只能用whether））我想知道你最喜欢哪一条领带？我想知道你最喜欢哪一条领带？特殊疑问句变成特殊疑问句变成 陈述语序陈述语序连接词就是疑问词本身连接词就是疑问词本身ATTENTIONObject clauses with w/wh/h（特殊疑问句做宾语）（特殊疑问句做宾语）特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，宾语从句的结构为特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，宾语从句的结构为 连接代词连接代词 / 连接副词＋陈述句。

连接副词＋陈述句which sweater you like bestI wonderI wonder which sweater do you like best连词（引导词）连词（引导词）连词（引导词）连词（引导词）特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，特殊疑问句作宾语从句时， 如果如果疑问词作主语疑问词作主语或主语或主语的定语，其的定语，其语序不用变化语序不用变化；；如果疑问词充当其他如果疑问词充当其他句子句子成成分分，则宾语从句的结构为连接代词，则宾语从句的结构为连接代词 / 连接副词＋连接副词＋陈述句如：如：　　　　Who can answer the question? I want to know. ----- I want to know who can answer the question.　　　　Whose book is on the desk? We all know. ----- We all know whose book is on the desk.　　　　When will they arrive? Please tell us. ----- Please tell us when they will arrive.特殊疑问句变为宾语从句后，用问号还是用句号完全取特殊疑问句变为宾语从句后，用问号还是用句号完全取决于主句的句式：如决于主句的句式：如主句为主句为陈述句、祈使句，句陈述句、祈使句，句末就用末就用句号句号；如；如主句是主句是疑问句疑问句，句末就，句末就用问号用问号。

如：如： I don‘t know when we shall start tomorrow．． Do you know when we shall start tomorrow？？练一练练一练1.What is this ?2.What are you doing ?3.Where do you live ?4.When does he get up ?5.How did you go to work?6.Who will you play with?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do you know …2.I want to know …3. Can you tell me …He asks me,“What does your father do?”→He asks me what my father does.He asked me,“Where did you go yesterday?”→He asked me where I went yesterday.练习：练习：1.He asked Lucy,“What’s your favorite subject?”2.Can you tell me,“Why do you like English so much?”3.Do you know,“Where is the nearest post office ?”4.I asked the boy,“Which book do you like best?”Object clauses with w/wh/h 【【注意注意】】疑问句中主语之前的助动词若是疑问句中主语之前的助动词若是 do／／does ／／ did，变为宾语从句时，要先将其去掉，谓语动，变为宾语从句时，要先将其去掉，谓语动 词再根据时态作相应的变化。

词再根据时态作相应的变化8.Where’s your pen pal from? 9. Where does he live? 10.What language does she speak? 11.Why do you like pandas?Where your pen pal is from Where he livesWhat language she speaks Why you like pandasI hear (that)Jim ( be ) a worker two years ago.Jim ( be ) an English teacher now . Jim ( cook ) dinner tomorrow .Jim ( sing )a popular song now.Jim ( be ) to the Great Wall twice . Jim ( play ) basketball when his father came back. Jim ( learn )1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester. 填一填填一填wasiswill cookis singinghas beenwas playinghad learned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。

我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态需要性原则）（需要性原则）三、宾语从句中时态变化三、宾语从句中时态变化三、宾语从句中时态变化三、宾语从句中时态变化2.2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互从而达到主句和从句的相互一致呼应性原则）一致呼应性原则）1) He will go to Hong Kong .2) He is sick.3) He is reading a book . 4) He has finished his work.1) He to Hong Kong .2) He sick.3) He a book . 4) HeHe said辨一辨辨一辨would go waswas reading his work.had finished He says确定从句的时态确定从句的时态(根据主句时态根据主句时态)主句时态主句时态从从 句句 时时 态态连连 接接 前前连连 接接 后后一般现在时一般现在时时态保持不变时态保持不变一般过去时一般过去时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时the sun much bigger than the moon. 3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。

特殊性原则）时态特殊性原则）ATTENTIONHe told me (that)Summer after Spring .isI was told (that)is no news good news.My parents told me (that)is注意：宾语从句的否定转移：如果注意：宾语从句的否定转移：如果主句的谓语动主句的谓语动词是词是 think, believe, guess 等等，而且主句的，而且主句的主语主语又又是是第一人称第一人称时，它后面接的时，它后面接的宾语从句的否定词宾语从句的否定词通通常要前常要前移到主句中移到主句中，即否定主句中的动词，而从，即否定主句中的动词，而从句用肯定形式．（主语为第一人称，否定在主句，句用肯定形式．（主语为第一人称，否定在主句，翻译在从句翻译在从句翻译：翻译：1. 我认为不会下雨．我认为不会下雨．I _______ _______ that it _________ _________. 2. 我认为你的答案不对我认为你的答案不对. I _______ ______your answer __________ right.３３. 我们相信他还没走我们相信他还没走. We _______ ______ that he _______ __________ don’t think will raindon’t think is don’t believe has goneⅠ.Find out the mistakes and correct them.1 Could you tell me where do they live?2 She knew that Danny is a student.3 He told me that winter was colder than autumn.4.Do you know who car it is?5. Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school.6.Father told me the sun always rose in the east.7.He doesn’t know that when she can come back.8. I don’t understand what did you say.wasiswhoseI was rises you said根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子1. 我认为玛丽不回来了。

我认为玛丽不回来了 I don’t think Mary ______ ______.2. 山姆给我说他准备去上海山姆给我说他准备去上海 Sam told me that he ____ _______ for Shanghai.3.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车 I want to know _________ there is a train to Beijing.willcome was leaving if / whether Choose the right answers.1. I don't know if Mr. Wang ____on a field trip. If he ___ on a field trip tomorrow, please call me. A. goes; will go B. will go; goes C. will go; will go D. goes; goes 2. She asked me if I knew ______. A. whose pen was it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen is it3. They wondered if the teacher ______ us English the next term. A. would teach B. had taught C. will teach D. taught4. The boy asked ______ any noise from outside. A. whether had I heard B. whether I had heard C. whether have I heard D. whether I have heard BBAB5. I haven’t decide ____ I’ll go out or stay at home. A. if B. when C. why D. whether6. I want to know ______ he loves you. A. that B. what C. if D. who7. I wondered ____ our teacher was going to attend our party. A. whether B. why C. where D. that8. I’d like to know _____ or not. A. whether will he come B. whether has he come C. whether he will come D. if he will comeDCAC1. Uncle Wang came up to see __________ there was anything wrong with the machine.2. The shop keeper asked my father ________ or not he wanted to choose a big Christmas tree.if / whetherwhether3. I don’t know __________ to go or stay.4. ________ that is true, what should we do?whetherIf5. ________ they will ever become future Olympic champions only time will tell. WhetherComplete the sentences with if / whether.。