VestibulocochlearOrgan前庭蜗器.ppt

Vestibulocochlear Organ前庭蜗器前庭蜗器General FeaturesThree partsnExternal ear 外耳外耳: collects sound wavesnMiddle ear 中耳中耳: transmits sound wavesnInternal ear 内耳内耳: containing the organs of hearing and balanceExternal Ear 外耳外耳nAuricle 耳廓耳廓nExternal acoustic meatus 外耳道外耳道nTympanic membrane 鼓膜鼓膜Auricle 耳郭耳郭External Acoustic Meatus 外耳道外耳道nA slender canal that extends from external acoustic pore to tympanic membrane nTwo partsqCartilaginous part lateral 1/3 qBony partmedial 2/3nLined by a layer of thin skin nThis S-shaped passage medially, at first forward and upward, then backward and, finally forward and downwardnIn babyhood, it is shorter and more horizontal than in adult Middle Ear 中耳中耳nTympanic cavity 鼓室鼓室nAuditory tube 咽鼓管咽鼓管nMastoid antrum 乳突窦乳突窦 and mastoid cells 乳突小房乳突小房Tympanic Cavity 鼓室鼓室nAn air-containing cavity in the petrous portion of temporal bone and is lined with mucous membranenHas six walls Walls of Tympanic Cavity Roof or tegmental wall 盖壁盖壁 Floor or jugular wall 颈静脉壁颈静脉壁Medial wall or labyrinthine wall 迷路壁迷路壁Posterior Wall or mastoid wall 乳突壁乳突壁Anterior wall or carotid wall 颈动脉壁颈动脉壁Lateral wall or membranous wall 鼓膜壁鼓膜壁Walls of Tympanic CavitynLateral wall or membranous wall 鼓膜壁鼓膜壁qTympanic membraneqBony lateral wall of epitympanic recess鼓室上隐窝superiorlyTympanic Membrane 鼓膜鼓膜nA thin oval membrane, about 1 cm in diameternLying obliquely between external acoustic meatus and tympanic cavity nTwo partsqFlaccid part 松弛部松弛部: upper 1/4qTense part 紧张部紧张部: lower 3/4, pearly graynUmbo of tympanic membrane 鼓膜脐鼓膜脐nCone of light 光锥光锥qouter surface of skin, inner surface of mucous membrane Normal appearance of the tympanic membraneAcute otitis media with effusion. The tympanic membrane is injected but landmarks are still clearly visualizedAcute otitis media. The tympanic membrane is bulging and hyperemic, and yellow purulent fluid is seen in the middle ear Perforation, inflammation ortrauma 鼓膜穿孔（炎症或外伤）鼓膜穿孔（炎症或外伤）Walls of Tympanic CavitynRoof or tegmental wall 盖壁盖壁qFormed by tegmen tympaniqSeparates tympanic cavity from middle cranial fossanFloor or jugular wall 颈静脉壁颈静脉壁qNarrow thin plate of temporal bone overlying superior bulb of internal jugular vein Walls of Tympanic CavitynAnterior wall or carotid wall 颈动脉壁颈动脉壁 qConsists a thin layer of bone that separates tympanic cavity from carotid artery qUpper part: lies two openingsnUpper opening：semicanal for tensor tympani muscle 鼓膜张肌半管鼓膜张肌半管nLower opening：semicanal for auditory tube 咽鼓管半管咽鼓管半管Walls of Tympanic CavitynMedial wall or labyrinthine wall 迷路壁迷路壁qPromontory 岬岬qFenestra vestibuli 前庭窗前庭窗: covered by base of stapesqFenestra cochleae 蜗窗蜗窗: closeted by secondary tympanic membrane 第二鼓膜第二鼓膜qProminence of facial canal 面神经管凸面神经管凸Walls of Tympanic CavitynPosterior wall or mastoid wall 乳突壁乳突壁qAditus of the mastoid antrum 乳突窦入口乳突窦入口qPyramidal eminence 锥隆起锥隆起Auditory Ossicles 听小骨听小骨nConsists of chain of three bones: qMalleus 锤骨锤骨 qIncus 砧骨砧骨 qStapes 镫骨镫骨 nArticulate by synovial jointsnTransmit vibration of tympanic membrane to footplate of stapes in fenestra vestibuliMuscles of Auditory OssiclesTensor tympani 鼓膜张肌鼓膜张肌Stapedius 镫骨肌镫骨肌Auditory Tube 咽鼓管咽鼓管nAbout 3.54.0 cm long, extends from the anterior wall of tympanic cavity downward, forward, and medially to the nasopharynx nTwo partsqBony part: posterolateral 1/3qCartilaginous part: anteromedial 2/3 nFunctions to equalize air pressure on either side of tympanic membranenIn childhood, it is shorter, wider and more horizontal than in adultMastoid Antrum and Mastoid Cells乳突窦和乳突小房乳突窦和乳突小房nMastoid antrum 乳突窦乳突窦 qA small chamber between tympanic cavity and mastoid cellsnMastoid cells乳突小房乳突小房 qA series of communicating cavities within the mastoid process of temporal boneqContinuous above with the mastoid antrum and the tympanic cavityInternal Ear 内耳内耳General featuresnLies within the petrous portion of temporal bonenKey contents of internal earqBony labyrinth 骨迷路骨迷路 nContains perilymph qMembranous labyrinth 膜迷路膜迷路 nIs filled with endolymph and contains the sensory organsBony Labyrinth 骨迷路骨迷路nCochlea 耳蜗耳蜗 nVestibule 前庭前庭nBony semicircular canals 骨半规管骨半规管Vestibule 前庭前庭nHollow bony spacenContains utricle 椭圆囊椭圆囊 and saccule 球囊球囊nIn its lateral wall are the fenestra vestibuli and fenestra cochleaeVestibule 前庭前庭Vestibula crest 前庭嵴前庭嵴Elliptical recess 椭圆囊隐窝椭圆囊隐窝Spherical recess 球囊隐窝球囊隐窝Internal aperture of vestibular aqueduct 前庭水管内口前庭水管内口Cochlear recess 蜗管隐窝蜗管隐窝Medial wall of vestibuleBony Semicircular Canals 骨半规管骨半规管nSemicircular duct in eachnCanal at right angles to each othernTwo bony crura in each canalqAmpullar bony crura 壶腹骨脚壶腹骨脚nBony ampullae 骨壶腹骨壶腹qSimple bony crus 单骨脚单骨脚nCommon bony crus 总骨脚总骨脚Bony Semicircular Canals 骨半规管骨半规管nAnterior bony semicircular canal qVertically with the long axis of the petrous portion of temporal bonenLateral bony semicircular canal qNearly horizontal nPosterior bony semicircular canal qParallels to the long axis of the petrous portion of temporal boneCochlea Cochlea 耳蜗耳蜗nIt somewhat resembles a 。