零件自动存放系统的设计控制系统设计.doc

北京理工大学珠海学院2020届本科生毕业设计零件自动存放系统的设计--控制系统设计摘 要随着李克强总理提出的“中国制造2025”计划，近年来国内自动化控制技术发展得十分迅速，如今许多行业都离不开自动化控制的影子如物流行业，某些大公司的仓库已经实现包裹的全自动化分拣、打包以及运输，这项技术的加入不仅减少仓库里75%的工人且极大的提高了工作的效率，减少了包裹的滞留；又如制造业，无处不在的自动化控制技术，许多企业靠着设备的自动化升级与改造纷纷走上了转型之路，各种“无人工厂”、“黑灯工厂”的概念成为现实，自动化控制技术给企业带来了丰富的经济效益，成为企业提高核心竞争力的的重要手段针对目前国内大部分的中小型企业生产车间里的CNC数控车床采用的是人工摆放零件的问题，本小组拟设计一种基于可编程控制器PLC和气动控制的物料自动摆放系统，目的在于解决人工摆放过程入中摆放和整理时间过长、错误率高、用人较多的问题，自动摆放与传统手工摆放相比具有效率高差错率低、摆放点多、无人工化作业、减少了人工劳动强度、提高生产效率等优势该自动摆放系统是以三菱FX3U系列的PLC作为控制器件，该系统主要由物料运送模块、电机驱动模块、气动夹爪模块、PLC控制模块组成。

物料运送模块由直流电机通过传送带将零件运送到摆放模块；电机驱动模块通过步进电机与丝杆实现X与Y轴方向的运动从而将零件移动到指定位置；摆放模块是由气动装置作为执行单元的小型机电系统，通过气缸控制气动夹爪的松开与闭合，实现零件的自动摆放另外在系统上还安装了光电传感器、X轴与Y轴的正负限位开关、接近开关等用于提供工件的位置，系统位置的检测与复位通过运用PLC控制器，对系统各个模块进行控制，实现了对不同形状、大小的零件进行自动摆放通过三菱GX Works软件进行仿真测试，结果表明该系统摆放正确率高、运行稳定，且可通过设计更换不同种类的气动夹爪实现对不同零件的自动摆放 关键词：自动摆放；气动控制；仿真测试Design of automatic storage system for parts-- Control system designAbstractWith the "made in China 2025" plan put forward by premier li keqiang, the domestic automation control technology has developed rapidly in recent years, and now many industries are inseparable from the shadow of automation control. For example, in the logistics industry, the warehouses of some large companies have realized the full automatic sorting, packaging and transportation of packages. The addition of this technology not only reduces 75% of the workers in the warehouses, but also greatly improves the working efficiency and reduces the retention of packages. And as manufacturing industry, the ubiquity of automation control technology, many enterprises by the automation of production equipment upgrading and modification are on the path of transformation, all kinds of "unmanned factory", "black lamp factory" to become a reality, the concept of automation control technology to the enterprise brought the rich economic benefit, and is an important method of improve the core competitiveness of enterprises.For most of the current domestic small and medium-sized enterprise CNC numerical control lathe USES is artificially put parts of the problem, the group intends to design a material based on programmable controller PLC and pneumatic control system of automatically placing, the purpose is to solve the placement and finishing in artificial process is put into the time is too long, the error rate is high, the more problems of choose and employ persons, automatically put high efficiency compared with traditional manual put low error rate, put some more, and no artificial operation, reduces the manual labor intensity, improve production efficiency and other advantages. The automatic placement system is controlled by mitsubishi FX3U series PLC. The system is mainly composed of material delivery module, motor drive module, placement module and PLC control module. The material transport module is transported to the placement module by the dc motor through the conveyor belt. The motor drive module realizes the movement of X and Y axis through the stepper motor and the lead screw to move the parts to the designated position. The placement module is a small electromechanical system with a pneumatic device as the execution unit. The placement of parts is realized by opening and closing the fixture device controlled by the cylinder. In addition, the photoelectric sensor, positive and negative limit switch and proximity switch of X axis and Y axis are also installed on the system to provide the position of the workpiece and the detection and reset of the system position. By using PLC controller, each module of the system is controlled, and the parts of different shapes and sizes are automatically placed.Through the simulation test of mitsubishi GX Works software, the results show that the system has high accuracy, stable operation, and can automatically place different parts through the design and replacement of different types of pneumatic gripper.Keywords: Automatic placement; pneumatic control; The simulation test目录1 绪论 11.1课题研究的目的和意义 11.2 PLC国内外研究概况 11. 3自动存放系统国内现状 21. 4本课题主要研究内容 22 自动存放系统工艺流程与电气控制设计 22. 1工艺流程 22. 2电气控制设计 42. 3 零件控制方案调研与确定 52.4 零件制动存放系统控制流程 52.5自动存放系统标准件研究与确定 82.6导轨、滑块、丝杆的研究与设计 102.7控制系统PLC选型设计 103 零件自动存放系统程序编写 163. 1新建工程 163. 2程序功能初始化设置 173. 3原点回归程序编写 183. 4 1号格子绝对坐标程序编写 193. 5气动夹爪张开与闭合程序 203. 6系统回归原点程序编写 214 零件自动存放系统运行分析 224. 1 1号格子绝对坐标仿真研究 234. 2气动夹爪张开与闭合仿真研究 245 结论 24参考文献 25谢 辞 261 绪论1.1课题研究的目的和意义随着现代工业自动化生产发展，越来越多企业用自动化控制的方式来代替传统人工的摆放。

目前国内大部分的中小型企业CNC数控车床中采用的是人工摆放方式，在面对大批量的或者体型较小的零件很容易出现摆放错误且摆放效率较低，影响了工作效率随着科学技术的日益发展，许多企业的车间上都有着各式各样的自动生产线，受益于自动化生产技术的广泛应用，从以前几百上千人的人工操作到现在运用自动化设备代替人手单一、重复的操作，企业在提高了成产效率的同时也改善了员工的劳动条件，减少了用人的数量、降低能耗等，提高了企业经济效益的同时也让其在行业上更具有竞争力，所以自动摆放是很多企业提高生产效率重要措施之一针对于目前国内大部分的中小型企业CNC数控车床采用的是人工摆放零件的问题，本小组拟设计一种基于可编程控制器ＰＬＣ和气动控制的物料自动摆放系统，目的在于解决人工摆放过程入中摆放和整理时间过长、错误率高、用人较多的问题，自动摆放与传统手工摆放相比具有效率高差错率低、摆放点多、无人工化作业、减少了人工劳动强度、提高生产效。