第4讲+选词填空专题+导学案 上海市暑期初升高一衔接英语.docx

教学内容Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.A. resulting B. repeatedly C. relatively D. unusual E. difficult F. fluent G. fed H. mastered I. planning J. previously K. convenientHow and why, roughly 2 million years ago, early human ancestors evolved large brains and began making (31) advanced stone tools, is one of the great mysteries of evolution. Some researchers argue these changes were brought about by the invention of cooking. They point out that our bite weakened around the same time as our larger brains evolved, and that it takes less energy to absorb nutrients from cooked food. As a result, once they had (32) the art, early chefs could invest less in their digestive systems and thus invest the (33) energy savings in building larger brains capable of complex thought. There is, however, a problem with the cooking theory. Most archaeologists (考古学家）believe the evidence of controlled fire stretches back no more than 790, 000 years. Roger Summons of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has a solution. Together with his team, he analyzed 1.7-million-year-old sandstones that formed in an ancient river at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. The region is famous for the large number of human fossils that have been discovered there, alongside an impressive assembly of stone tools. The sandstones themselves have (34) yielded some of the world's earliest complex hand axes-large tear-drop-shaped stone tools that are associated with Homo erectus (直立人) . Creating an axe by (35) _________ knocking thin pieces off a raw stone in order to create two sharp cutting edges requires a significant amount of (36) , Their appearance is therefore thought to mark an important moment in intellectual evolution. Trapped inside the Olduvai sandstones, the researchers found (37) biological molecules (分子）that are often interpreted as biomarkers for heat-tolerant bacteria. Some of these live in water between 85°C and 95°C. The molecules' presence suggests that an ancient river within the Gorge was once (38) by one or more hot springs.Dr. Summons and his colleagues say the hot springs would have provided a (n)(39) "pre-fire" means of cooking food. In New Zealand, the Maori have traditionally cooked food in hot springs, either by lowering it into the boiling water or by digging a hole in the hot earth. Similar methods exist in Japan and Iceland, so it is plausible, if (40) to prove, that early humans might have used hot springs to cook meat and roots. Nonetheless, fire would have offered a distinct advantage to humans, since it is a transportable resource.【答案】 31-35 CHAJB 36-40 IDGKE 【解析】21. 考察副词，空格前后分别是动词和形容词，结合句意这里需要副词relatively。

22. 考察动词，一旦他们掌握了这门艺术，就能花更少的能量在消化上面，选mastered23. 考察形容词，花更少的能量在消化上面并且这样就能把由此而节省下来的能量用到建造更复杂的大脑思想上面了，这里的结果是主动态的，选resulting24. 考察副词，沙石他们自己之前也产出了世界最早的复杂手工斧头，have yield中间可以用副词previously25. 考察副词，通过不断重复地敲打掉一个薄......去创造一个斧头，副词repeatedly26. 考察名词，创造两片锋利的边需要大量的计划，填名词planning27. 考察形容词，研究者们发现不同寻常的生物分子，填unusual28. 考察过去分词，空格前后有was 和by，结合句意这里是fed29. 考察形容词，温泉将可能提供了一个便利的烹饪食物的“前火”时代方法，选convenient30. 考察形容词，所以它是有道理的，尽管很难证明，选difficult二、近三年十一选十题型词性考查规律：1. 主要考查名词，动词，形容词和副词2. 动词是考査重点，尤其是动词的分词变形为主;动词时语态与非谓语是高中语法学习的重点3. 名词与形容词为次重点，每年都有考査；对于名词与形容词在句中所起作用与相互修饰，需要学生熟练掌握。

需要留意doing作动名词，doing/done作形容词等词类活用以及名词作定语修饰名词的现象4.副词用于调整题目的难易度与词汇的考査它在句中的位置灵活，功能强大——可以修饰动词，形容词，副词以及整个句子一般是二选一5. 近几年来越来越加大派生词和合成词的考核，要求学生根据单词构成的规律，正确判断词性和词义一、选词填空考察要求概述从2008年起，词汇的考查放在了语篇中，着重强 调语法和词汇知识在特定情景中的应用试卷10 道词汇题以10选9的方式分别考察了名词，动词， 形容词，副词还包括现在分词和过去分词的形式作为2008年刚进入上海高考英语考卷中的一个新题型十选九，在2014高考中讲改为十一选十，这个题将词汇的考查放到了语篇当中，着重强调语法和词汇知识在特定情境中的应用，不是单纯的考查词汇，文章题干均清晰明了，并提供了足够的上下文支撑供考生答题同时，词汇题的难度分布也较为合理，确保了各个层次的考生都能得分因此，情景理解和语言运用的味道比较浓厚，注重考查理解能力和逻辑推理能力的试题多二. 题型特点1、选词填空的特点 1) 文章不会太长(300词左右);一般来说第 一句是文章主题句并且不设空；一般每隔 15-30个词会有一个空；空与空之间有完 整意群。

文章中会挖出十个空，但是给出 了十一个单词，让学生选择填空使文章完整， 这就是新题型轮廓 2) 方框中词汇难度不高，文章难度要略低 于阅读理解难度实际上是将词汇的使用 和完形阅读紧密结合的一道题目2、选词填空的考点 1) 词汇方面以实词为主也就是指名词、动 词、形容词、副词 2) 语法方面考察词性之间关系和句子结构 分析能力3) 逻辑方面考察上下文联系三. 解题步骤第一步：详读选项，词分类 选项中的11个词是考查的关键，考生应该 详细的理解这11个单词熟悉的单词标明 词性和词义，不熟悉的单词或者不认识的 单词只需标明词性，然后根据名词、动词、 形容词、副词四大类按规律排列在试卷上 这样做考生就可以不再是11选1了，只要根 据上下文的逻辑关系或者语法结构，有时 候可以是3选1甚至2选1,缩小了选择的范 围，降低了试题的难度1.了解备选词的基本含义，注意一词多义情况2.同一单词可能有多个词性，3. 以-ing/ -ed 结尾的词 第二步：略读全文，定中心抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主题，快速掌握文章大意 第三步：瞻前顾后，灵活选填词入空 确认空处可填词性同性词语筛选按逻辑关系代入确认答案第四步：复核检查，定结果注意： 1. 动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。

非谓语动词 包括：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分 词过去分词有两种可能性(形容词和动词的过去 分词), 无法确定时标问号 2. 不认识的词要看后缀构词法中, 前缀区分意 思, 后缀区分词性所以看词尾往往能大致分出词 性词性无法确定的, 暂时搁置 3. 做出相应的标记在英文中有的单词不只有一 个词性，比如大家常见的visit、access、 approach、challenge、 change等就即有名 词词性又有动词词性 这时两个都要标出来4.以-ing或-ed 结尾的词既可能是动词，也 可能是由现在分词或过去分词转变而成的 形容词四. 解题技巧 (一)判断词性的技巧 前面提到的“瞻前顾后”就是需要考生根据空格的前后来决定所填词的词性以及应填的正确选项， 我们可以根据一些简单的语法知识确定答案应 该说语法知识是解词汇理解题的基础 1. 确定空格为名词。