
指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习.ppt
60页•转换法:指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标 语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词 类、句型和语态等进行转换 • 在词性方面,把名词转换为代词、形容词、 动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介 词;把形容词转换成副词和短语 • 在句子成分方面,把主语变成状语、定语、 宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把 定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语 • 在句型方面,把并列句变成复合句,把复合 句变成并列句,把状语从句变成定语从句 • 在语态方面,可以把主动语态变为被动语态 词类的转译 Conversion• 英译汉时的词类转换能使译文流畅,表意确切 为了使译文既忠于原文又符合汉语习惯,翻 译时不能一味拘泥于某些词汇在原文的词性, 必要时应该采取词类转换的方法,将原词类进 行适当的转换 • 1:转译为动词 • (一)名词转译为动词• A) 一些习语中的主体名词可以转成动词, 如: • 这类习语有: • have a rest, go for a walk, • show a resemblance to, catch a look, • make a claim to, pay attention to, • have an effect on, in answer to, • by means of依靠, with a view of以为…目的 • 1. We wouldn’t have any idea when the boy was born.• 我们 不可能知道这孩子是什么时候出生的。
• 2. I will not only forgive your infidelity to me but will do you all the service I can.• 我不但原谅你对我的不忠实,还要尽力为你效 劳B)由动词派生出来的名词可转译成动词• 1. Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.• 孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力• C) 含有动作意味的名词可转译成动词 • 1. Vietnam War was a drain on American resources.• 越南战争不断地消耗美国的资源 • 2. In fact, the abuse of drugs has become one of America’s most serious social problems.• 事实上,滥用毒品已经成为美国最为严重的社 会问题之一D) 由动词+er构成的名词可转译成动词• 1. His father is a non-smoker, but he is a chain- smoker.• 他父亲根本不抽烟,他抽起烟来却一根接一根。
• 2. I am an amateur actor. He is a better player than I .• 我是个业余演员,他演得比我好•翻译练习:名词──动词 • 1) After the accomplishment of the present task, there will follow a more arduous one. •完成目前任务后,还有更艰巨的任务 • 2) I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood. • 我非常感激父亲,因为在我小时候他总是不断 地鼓励我 • 二. 介词转译成动词 • 1. He went to the shop for a bottle of wine. • 他去小店买了一瓶酒 • 2. At noon, she came home for lunch. • 中午,她回家吃午饭 • 3. He came to my home for help. • 他来到我家, 请求帮助 • 4. He came to me with a luggage. • 他拿着行李向我走来。
• 5. I'm all for your opinion.• 我完全赞成你的意见• 6. Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then entered a huge building.• 他们沿着大街走去,经过一家家店铺,穿过 一个宽阔的广场,然后走进一幢大楼• 1. It was a very informative meeting.• 会上透露了很多信息 • 2. The manager is grateful to the customers for their valuable suggestions.• 经理感谢顾客们提出的宝贵意见三. 形容词可以转译成动词• 1) He is too ignorant of the ways of the world. • 他太不懂世道常情了 • 2) We are hopeful of success in this experiment. • 我们希望这个实验能成功 • 3) This house is unheated and unfurnished. • 这座房子没有暖气设备,也没有任何家具。
四. 连词转译成动词1. They will return in 60 days or two months. 他们60天后, 也就是2个月后回来 2. Winter is the fourth and last season in a year. 冬季是一年中第四个也是最后一个季节 3. The distance is four kilometers or 2.4856 miles. 距离是4公里,折合(即)2.4856里五. 副词转译成动词• 1. Our holiday is three weeks away. • 离我们的假期还有3个星期 • 2. When will your mother be back? • 你妈妈什么时候回来? • 3. The boy told me that his father was out. • 那个男孩告诉我他的父亲出去了 • 4. That day he was up before sunrise. • 那天他在日出前就起来了Translate the following sentences:• 1. His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph. • 2. He was a regular visitor. • 3. He showed with his eyes that he heard, but made no sign of assent or dissent. • 1. 无论什么事,只要他一露面,就算成功了。
• 2. 他经常来 • 3. 他瞧了一下,表示他听到了,但并没有表示同意还 是不同意2 转译成名词• 英语中好多由名词派生出来的动词,以及由名词转用的动词, 在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词,这时可将其转译成汉语名 词 • 1. Formality has always characterized their relationship. • 他们之间的关系,有一个特点,就是以礼相待 • 2. The man looked and talked a little wildly. • 那男子的神情和言谈有些不可思议一:动词转译成名词•汉译英: • 由于我们实行了改革开放政策,我国的综合国 力有了明显的增强 • Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. (动词转名词)• 有些英语被动句式中的动词,可以译成“受到( 遭到)…+ 名词” • Several buildings around the square were damaged. • 广场附近的几幢建筑物遭到了毁坏。
• The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people. • 改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护动词 转名词)二、形容词转译成名词• 有些英语的形容词前加定冠词时,其功能就相当于名词, 译时将其转译成名词还有一些形容词充当表语时,为了 行文方便,转译为汉语的名词 • 1. They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. • 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员 • 2. Tom was eloquent and elegant —— but soft. • 汤姆有口才、有风度,但很软弱三、副词转译成名词 • 由名词派生出来的副词,如译成汉语时很难找 到对应词,而酌情将其译成名词 • 1.Originally Ingrid Bergman was from Sweden. • 英格丽.褒曼的原籍是瑞典 • 2. He is strong physically, but weak mentally. • 他身体强健,但智力差 • 3. It was officially announced that Paris is invited to the meeting. •官方宣布,巴黎方面被邀请出席会议。
3 转译为形容词• 一、副词转译为形容词 • 有些副词是形容词派生出来的,翻译时如副词所修饰的 动词转译为名词,那么副词亦转译为形容词如: • He was deeply impressed by what they did at the critical moment. • 他们在关键时刻的行为给他留下了深刻的印象 • She stupidly answered such a question. • 她真笨,竟然回答了这样一个问题 • The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man. • 太阳对人的身体和精神都有极大的影响• 二、名词转译为形容词• 有时名词在句子中充当表语,前面通常有冠词,译时 可以转换为形容词• Oh, she is all gentleness, kindness, goodness! • 她真是最温柔,最体贴,最善良了! • Now the little girl’s happiness was complete. • 现在小女孩真是快乐到了极点• Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. • 独立思考对学习是绝对必要的。
4 转译为副词• 一、名词转译为副词 • I have the honor to inform you that your request is granted. • 我荣幸地通知您,您的请求已得到批准• We set out in great haste for Venice. • 我们匆匆忙忙地动身来到威尼斯 • The man nodded with satisfaction. • 那人满意地点了点头• 二、形容词转译为。
