虚拟语气全解1.doc

1虚拟语气讲解虚拟语气全解及练习一．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.If it rained, the crops would be saved.假如/如果明天我能飞到北京，我就能跟你一起去长城了。

If I flied to BJ, I would go to the Great Wall with you.If I were to fly to BJ, I …If I should fly to BJ, I …If I went to the college in the future, I would take the D. exam.If I were to go to the college in ….If I should go to …—我现在每天是坐摩托车去老师那里如是走路去老师那，那我就会热死的Now I take a motorbike to my teacher’s for my training.If I walked to my…, I would be killed by the hot weather./high temperature.If you were my bother, I would like you very much.If I liked English, I would not be in such a trouble.If I liked him, I wouldn’t speak to him like this way.Did I like him,如果我以前进入二中的话，也许我现在会感觉好点。

If I had entered NO.2…., I might feel better now.Had I entered…如果我今天早上起床起早点，那我应该、可以赶上上一班车的If I had got up earlier, I should/could have caught the last train/bus.　Had I got up…如果我中考的时候更仔细点，但我会已经在二中就读了If I had been more careful, I would have gone to NO.2….Had I been more…,如果你以后自己成了老师，你就会知道这教书有多辛苦了If you should become a teacher yourself, you would know how hard teaching is.If you became a teacher…If you were to become a ….If引导的条件句表虚拟，可以省if,　把助动词提前引起倒装Should you become a teacher…Did you become…Were you to become…Had I known you, we would have made friends for years. If I had known you,… 虚拟条件句的特殊情况(1). 混合/错综型虚拟语气　（时态/陈述句与虚拟句综合运用） 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为‘错综条件句’，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。

If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(从句说的是过去，主句是现在)If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去)你家离学校这么近，我们本可以走路来的It is very near from your home to school, so we could have walked to school.多亏了你的帮忙，否则的话我是不可能准时完成这个任务的Thanks for your help, or/or else/ otherwise I couldn’t have finished my task on time.（2）省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序If it should happen, what would you do? →Should it happen, what would you do?If he had recognized me, he would have come over. →Had he recognized me, he would have come over.(3) 含蓄虚拟条件句有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。

常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise否则, or, but等Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.But for electricity(=If there were no electricity, there would be no modern industry.He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise he would have attended the party.(4) 在if it were( had been )not for ….句型中的虚拟语气虚拟语气也常用于‘if it were/(had been) not for ….’句型中，意为‘要不是由于…’If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.If it had not been for your timely help, I would have gone bankrupt.破产二． 虚拟语气用在名词性从句中1.主语从句中的虚拟语气（主要有表命令，要求，请求，建议等）这种虚拟语气主要用在it is+形容词（名词，过去分词）+that+主语+should+动词原形（should可以省略）这种结构中。

① 常见的这类形容词有：advisable, anxious, better, desirable, surprising, natural, necessary, strange, important, regretful，(im)possible, requirable …② 常见的这类过去分词有：decided, demanded, recommended, requested, desired, required, ordered, suggested.③ 常见的这类名词有：duty, pity, no surprise, no wonder, regret, shame.It was suggested that he（should）join the club activities.It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she (should) not have been invited.It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.Urge敦促、强烈要求Urge sb. to do sth.Urge +从句(should)　+动原　表虚拟Recommend, ask等表建议请求语气时．2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气① wish 后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为要是，但愿…就好了），其形式主要有三种：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish后接一般过去时的从句表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish后接过去完成时/should，could have done表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish后接would，could+动词原形I wish it were spring all year round.I wish it would be fine tomorrow./I wish I could go to BJ… in two years.She wished she had stayed at home.我多么希望能够早点认识他!How I wish I had known him earlier!他听别人说北京是多么的好，他很希望自己也能亲自去看看。

He wishes he could go to BJ himself.昨天看到别人上台领奖时，我也希望自己能走上领奖台When I saw the others get the prize, I wished I could have got the prize.How I wish I were a boy.hope后面跟宾从句用陈述句，不用虚拟句我希望你能成功I hope you will succeed.I hope everything goes well with you.② 在表示建议，命令，要求，坚持等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形此类动词有：suggest, advise, propose,/ demand, request ,require, command, ask, insist（要求）, urge, /order,/ prefer.Ask sb. to do sth.请求他问我我明天会不会来He asked（问） me if I would come tomorrow.宾从陈述句他请我把门打开He asked that I (should) open the door.请　虚拟语气The tea。