
宾语从句全面讲解课堂PPT.ppt
42页语法—名词性从句之宾语从句1英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句 (compound sentence)复合句复合句 (complex sentence)英语句子概论2简单句的五种简单句的五种基本基本句型句型The weather is very cold.主语主语+谓语(连系动词)谓语(连系动词)+表语表语He laughed.主语主语+谓语(谓语(vi.))I like Chinese food.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+宾语宾语She taught them physics.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语We must keep the room warm. 主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.) +宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 3并列句并列句 把两个或几个简单句用把两个或几个简单句用并列连词并列连词连接起来连接起来 I turned on the TV. My sister and I watched it.Ø I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it. I bought my sister a present. She didn’t like it. ØI bought my sister a present,but she didn’t like it. 并列句并列句并列句并列句常用并列连词常用并列连词:•平行平行并列连词并列连词: •转折转折并列连词:并列连词:•因果因果并列连词并列连词: •选择选择并列连词并列连词:and, both…and, not only… but also, neither…norbut, however, while, yet, or,either…orfor, so4复合句复合句:主句主句+从句从句 名词名词性从句性从句 定语从句定语从句 状语从句状语从句1.The boy who is standing over there is Tom2.Because it is raining ,we have to stay at home 定语从句定语从句 状语从句状语从句3.I know (that)he is from America(宾语从句)宾语从句)名词名词性从句性从句---5Noun Clauses(名词性从句名词性从句)Subject Clause (主语从句主语从句)Appositive Clause(同位语从句)(同位语从句)Object Clause(宾语从句)(宾语从句)Predicative Clause(表语从句)(表语从句)6名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词, 在复合句在复合句中能担任中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。
等主语主语 {His job is important.What he does is important.表语表语This is his job.This is what he does every day. {7宾语宾语I don’t like his job.I don’t like what he does every day.同位语同位语I don’t know about the man, Mr. White.I don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher.8Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting. 主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句 名词性从句名词性从句的作用相当于名词,因此主语从的作用相当于名词,因此主语从句、表语从句句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语同位语从句同位语从句9宾语从句的定义宾语从句的定义置于置于动词、介词动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句的语序必须是宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序陈述语序谓语动词、介谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,词、动词不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从形式后面都能带宾语从句有些形容词(有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可等)之后也可以带宾语从句以带宾语从句10宾语从句中引导词的用法宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语,在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词引导词有:有:从属从属连词:连词:that (that 常可省略常可省略),whether, if连接连接代词:代词:who, whose, what ,which,,whom,whatever,whoever等等连接连接副词:副词:when ,where, how, why 等111. I know him . 2. I know who he is . 主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语(简单句)(简单句)主语主语谓语谓语宾宾 语语 从从 句句连词连词 从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句(复合句)(复合句)12宾语从句的概念:宾语从句的概念:宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语宾语。
句子结构:句子结构:主句主句 + +连词(引导词)连词(引导词)+ + 宾语从句宾语从句131)主句的谓语动词可以是)主句的谓语动词可以是及物动词及物动词::2))如如果果主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词是是一一个个带带有有介介词词的的词组,那么后接的从句做词组,那么后接的从句做介词宾语从句介词宾语从句3)有些)有些形容词后形容词后也可以带有宾语从句也可以带有宾语从句I’m afraid (that) he won’t pass the exam .He wondered if he could pass the exam .They are talking about whether they can pass the exam .注注意意::动动词词+副副词词形形成成的的谓谓语语动动词词词词组组后后也也可以带宾语从句可以带宾语从句14一、从属连词一、从属连词一、从属连词一、从属连词 1. 1. 当宾语从句是当宾语从句是当宾语从句是当宾语从句是陈述句时陈述句时陈述句时陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定(包括肯定句和否定(包括肯定句和否定(包括肯定句和否定 句),连词由句),连词由句),连词由句),连词由thatthat引导,因为引导,因为引导,因为引导,因为thatthat在从句中在从句中在从句中在从句中不作不作不作不作 任何成分任何成分任何成分任何成分,也,也,也,也没有任何具体意思没有任何具体意思没有任何具体意思没有任何具体意思,因此在口语,因此在口语,因此在口语,因此在口语 或非正式文体中或非正式文体中或非正式文体中或非正式文体中常省略常省略常省略常省略vvLin Tao knows Lin Tao knows (that) his own team is even better. (that) his own team is even better. (肯)(肯)(肯)(肯)vvShe says She says (that) she won’t take part in the sports meeting(that) she won’t take part in the sports meeting next Sunday next Sunday. .(否)(否)(否)(否)vvJim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.vvHe said (that) he would like to see the headmaster.He said (that) he would like to see the headmaster.引导词种类152. 2. 当当当当宾宾宾宾语语语语从从从从句句句句是是是是一一一一般般般般疑疑疑疑问问问问句句句句时时时时,,,,由由由由连连连连词词词词whetherwhether或或或或if if引引引引导导导导((((口口口口语语语语中中中中常常常常用用用用if if)))),,,,因因因因为为为为if/whetherif/whether翻翻翻翻译译译译成成成成::::“ “是是是是否否否否” ”,,,,具具具具有有有有一一一一定定定定的的的的意意意意义义义义,,,,所所所所以以以以不不不不能能能能省略省略省略省略Lily Lily wanted wanted to to knowknow if if /whether/whether her her grandma grandma liked liked the handbag .the handbag .Let’s Let’s seesee if if /whether/whether we we can can find find out out some some information information about that city .about that city .It all depends on It all depends on whetherwhether she likes the boss or not. she likes the boss or not.引导词种类16二、连接代词二、连接代词二、连接代词二、连接代词 which, which, what, what, whose, whose, who, who, whom, whom, whatever, whatever, whoever, whoever, whomever, whomever, whicheverwhichever;;;;连连连连接接接接代代代代词词词词在在在在从从从从句句句句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
中作主语、宾语、表语、定语中作主语、宾语、表语、定语中作主语、宾语、表语、定语I wonder who will teach us.Mr. Wang asked whose book that was.You can take whatever you like.引导词种类17三、连接副词三、连接副词三、连接副词三、连接副词 where, when, why, howwhere, when, why, how等连接副词在句中作状语等连接副词在句中作状语等连接副词在句中作状语等连接副词在句中作状语He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.引导词种类18 带带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句的词组也都可以引导宾语从句vCould you tell us Could you tell us how oftenhow often you go abroad for you go abroad for a holiday ?a holiday ?vCould you tell us Could you tell us how longhow long the meeting will last ? the meeting will last ?vI don’t know I don’t know how farhow far it is to the cinema . it is to the cinema .vPlease tell us Please tell us how manyhow many students there are in students there are in your school ?your school ?vCan you tell us Can you tell us how oldhow old his brother is ? his brother is ?vPlease tell us Please tell us how soonhow soon you will be ready . you will be ready .vCould you tell us Could you tell us how muchhow much it costs to fly to it costs to fly to Hainan ?Hainan ?19二、时态二、时态1. 1. 1. 1. 如果主句是如果主句是如果主句是如果主句是现在的时态现在的时态现在的时态现在的时态 (包括一般现在时(包括一般现在时(包括一般现在时(包括一般现在时 ,,,, 现在进行时,现在完成时),从句的时态可根现在进行时,现在完成时),从句的时态可根现在进行时,现在完成时),从句的时态可根现在进行时,现在完成时),从句的时态可根 据据据据实际情况实际情况实际情况实际情况而定,(包括一般现在时,一般过而定,(包括一般现在时,一般过而定,(包括一般现在时,一般过而定,(包括一般现在时,一般过 去时,一般将来时,现在完成时等)去时,一般将来时,现在完成时等)去时,一般将来时,现在完成时等)去时,一般将来时,现在完成时等)vI know he I know he liveslives here . here .vI know he I know he livedlived here ten years ago . here ten years ago . vI have heard that he I have heard that he will comewill come tomorrow . tomorrow .202. 2.如如如如果果果果主主主主句句句句是是是是过过过过去去去去的的的的时时时时态态态态((((包包包包括括括括一一一一般般般般过过过过去去去去时时时时,,,,过过过过去去去去进进进进行行行行时时时时)))),,,,那那那那么么么么从从从从句句句句的的的的时时时时态态态态一一一一定定定定要要要要用用用用相相相相对对对对应应应应的的的的过过过过去去去去的的的的某某某某种种种种时时时时态态态态((((包包包包括括括括一一一一般般般般过过过过去去去去时时时时,,,,过过过过去去去去进进进进行时,过去将来时,行时,过去将来时,行时,过去将来时,行时,过去将来时, 过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时))))vI knew who I knew who livedlived here. here. vI I told told me me that that she she was was talkingtalking with with her her mother mother at at that time last week. that time last week. vHe asked whether his father He asked whether his father would comewould come back back the next day. the next day. vHe said that he He said that he had seenhad seen it before. it before.213.3.当从句是客观真理,定义,公理,定理当从句是客观真理,定义,公理,定理 时用时用一般现在时一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.The teacher said that the world is made up of matter.22三、语序三、语序宾语从句的语序用宾语从句的语序用陈述语序陈述语序::连接词连接词+ +主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +其他成分其他成分231. When will he go to the library? 1. When will he go to the library? His brother asks when His brother asks when he will go tohe will go to the library . the library .His brother asks when His brother asks when will he go towill he go to the library . the library . 2. What does he want to buy ?2. What does he want to buy ? I don’t know what I don’t know what he wants tohe wants to buy . buy . I don’t know what I don’t know what does he want todoes he want to buy . buy .3. Who are we going to meet ?3. Who are we going to meet ? Can you tell me who Can you tell me who we are going towe are going to meet ? meet ? Can you tell me who Can you tell me who are we going toare we going to meet ? meet ?244. Does he know French ?4. Does he know French ? We want to know if/whether We want to know if/whether he knowshe knows French . French . We want to know if/whether We want to know if/whether does he knowdoes he know French. French. 5. Will they go to Canada in summer ? 5. Will they go to Canada in summer ? They’ re not sure if /whether They’ re not sure if /whether they will go tothey will go to Canada in summer .Canada in summer . They’ re not sure if /whether They’ re not sure if /whether will they go towill they go to Canada in summer . Canada in summer . 251..could / would是是委委婉婉语语气气,,而而不不是是过过去去式式,,因因此此宾宾语语从从句句的的时时态态根根据据实实际际情情况况用用不不同同时态。
时态注意事项vCould you please tell me Could you please tell me where we show ourwhere we show our tickets tickets ? ?vCould you tell us Could you tell us which gate we have to go towhich gate we have to go to ? ?vWould you like to know Would you like to know when he will come backwhen he will come back ? ?262. 如如果果主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词是是ask时时,,连连词词不不可可能能是是that;;如如果果主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词是是say时时,,连连词用词用thatvShe says (that) she will leave a message on his desk .vHe said (that) he was going to take care of the child .vHe asks if I like playing the piano .vYou may ask the man over there how you can get to the bus station .273. 当当doubt, doubtful用用于于肯肯定定句句时时,,后后面面的的名名词词性性从从句句连连接接词词常常用用whether或或if; 当当doubt, doubtful用用于于否否定定句句时时,,后后面面的的名名词词性从句的连接词用性从句的连接词用that。
I doubt if/ whether he is at home.We don’t doubt that they can complete the task ahead of time.284. 当当be sure引引导导主主句句是是肯肯定定句句时时,,后后面面的的名名词词性性从从句句的的连连接接词词常常用用that; 当当be sure引引导导的的主主句句是是否否定定句句时时,,后后面面的的名名词词性性从从句句的的连接词常用连接词常用whether或或ifWe are sure that he will be successful soon.The old man didn’t seem to be sure whether / if he had met me.295. 介词后宾语从句的注意事项:介词后宾语从句的注意事项:①①一般情况下介词后只能用一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导的类连接词引导的宾语从句宾语从句 I am surprised at what he said.②②介词后如果接介词后如果接that从句,要先加上从句,要先加上it, 再加再加that从句,即从句,即“介词介词+it+that…”结构。
结构 You may depend on it that they will support you. (that不能省略不能省略)③③介词介词except, but, besides及及in后可接后可接that从句I know nothing about him except that he lives here. (that不能省略不能省略)307. 只能使用只能使用whether而不能使用而不能使用if的几种情况:的几种情况:①① 介词介词后宾语从句用后宾语从句用whether,不用不用if.②② whether 引导表语从句和同位语从句,而引导表语从句和同位语从句,而if则不能③③ whether后可以加后可以加or not,但是但是if不可以不可以.④④ 在不定式前只能用在不定式前只能用whether.(如:(如:I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下我不能决定是否留下⑤⑤ discuss后宾语从句用后宾语从句用whether不用不用if316. 在在suggest, demand, order, insist等等动动词词之之后后的的宾宾语语从从句句中中用用虚虚拟拟语语气气,,即即 “(should+)动词原形动词原形”。
He suggested that we (should) set about doing the work at once.I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The leader ordered that the army (should) set off at once. 32主句主句主句主句从句从句从句从句一般将来时态一般将来时态一般将来时态一般将来时态 一般现在时态一般现在时态一般现在时态一般现在时态祈使句祈使句祈使句祈使句含有情态动词含有情态动词含有情态动词含有情态动词Do Do you you know know if if ______back ______back next next week week ? ? If If he he ______ ______ back , please let me know .back , please let me know .A. he comes , will come B. will he come , comes A. he comes , will come B. will he come , comes C. he will come , comes D. he will come , will comeC. he will come , comes D. he will come , will come 7. 7. 连词连词连词连词 if if 和和和和 when when 在不同从句中的区别:在不同从句中的区别:在不同从句中的区别:在不同从句中的区别:I don’t know when he _________ (come) . I can’t wait here any more . When he _______ (come) , would you please ask him to call me ?will comecomes338. 8. 连词连词+ +宾语从句宾语从句 连词连词+to do+to dovI don’t know what I shall do next . I don’t know what to do next .vShe didn’t decide which one she would choose . She didn’t decide which one to choose .vPlease tell me whom you’ll give the letter to . Please tell me whom to give the letter to .349. 9.有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加itit这类动词主要有这类动词主要有这类动词主要有这类动词主要有:like, hate , dislike, take , :like, hate , dislike, take , have, see to.have, see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral. (确保)开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.3510.10.宾语从句的宾语从句的宾语从句的宾语从句的否定转移否定转移否定转移否定转移主句的谓语动词是主句的谓语动词是主句的谓语动词是主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guessguess等等等等, ,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时般现在时般现在时般现在时, ,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来, ,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致. .I don’t think he will come to my party. I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim, is he?3611.11.宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句不可以省略引导词不可以省略引导词不可以省略引导词不可以省略引导词thatthat的情况的情况的情况的情况①①①①当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时, ,此时此时此时此时第一个第一个第一个第一个thatthat可以省略可以省略可以省略可以省略, ,第二个第二个第二个第二个thatthat不可以省略。
不可以省略不可以省略不可以省略②②②②exceptexcept(介词)后面宾语从句中(介词)后面宾语从句中(介词)后面宾语从句中(介词)后面宾语从句中thatthat不可以省略不可以省略不可以省略不可以省略③③③③宾语从句紧接在间接宾语后时,从句中的宾语从句紧接在间接宾语后时,从句中的宾语从句紧接在间接宾语后时,从句中的宾语从句紧接在间接宾语后时,从句中的thatthat不不不不可以省略可以省略可以省略可以省略④④④④itit作形式宾语,宾补后宾语从句中的作形式宾语,宾补后宾语从句中的作形式宾语,宾补后宾语从句中的作形式宾语,宾补后宾语从句中的thatthat不省略I believe (that) you’ve done your best and that things will improve.The teacher advised us that we should pay more attention to reading and writing.We all believed it true that Mr. Smith wasn’t a thief.371. The shocking news made me realize ____ terrible problems we would face. A. what B. how C. that D. why2. Our teachers always tell us to believe in _____ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which宾语从句专项练习题383. We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know _____ she’ll accept it. A. where B. what C. whether D. which4. Before the sales start, I make a list of _______ my kids will need for the coming season. A. why B. what C. how D. which宾语从句专项练习题395. --- I wonder ____ you’ll water this kind of flower. --- Every other day. A. how often B. how long C. how soon D. how much6. Men usually go straight to ______ they want and leave quickly when shopping. A. what B. which C. where D. that宾语从句专项练习题407. We haven’t discussed yet _____ we are going to place our new furniture. A. that B. which C. what D. where8. I want to be liked and loved for ____ I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how宾语从句专项练习题419. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _____ she was so angry. A. where B. whether C. that D. why10. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _____ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. A. what B. who C. how D. why宾语从句专项练习题42。












