四首诗伦敦诗比较.ppt
43页London London vLondon, the capital city of Britain is often referred to as the setting for poems by lots of English poets in their potential works. But it is perceived from different views of perspectives.vWe see different London in William Blake’s London,William Wordsworth’s Composed upon Westminster Bridge,William Wordsworth’s London, F. S. Flint’s London London --William Blake v I wandered through each chartered street, vNear where the chartered Thames does flow, vA mark in every face I meet, vMarks of weakness, marks of woe. v我走过每条独占的街道,v徘徊在独占的泰晤士河边,v我看见每个过往的行人 ,v有一张衰弱、痛苦的脸。
vthro’s: through; vcharter’d street: a street on which certain persons are given the special rights. vmark: here the first one is a verb, which means notice; the second one is a noun, which means a sign. vwoe: great sorrow; v vIn every cry of every man, vIn every infant's cry of fear, vIn every voice, in every ban, vThe mind-forged manacles I hear: v每个人的每升呼喊,v每个婴孩害怕的号叫, v每句话,每条禁令, v都响着心灵铸成的镣铐vinfant: new born baby; vban: a prohibition, here a marriage ban-notice of intended matrimony; vforg’d: forged, shape something by heating it in a fire and hammering; vmanacle: one of a pair of chains or metal bands fro binding the hands or feet; v vHow the chimney-sweeper's cry vEvery blackening church appalls, vAnd the hapless soldier's sigh vRuns in blood down palace-walls. v多少扫烟囱孩子的喊叫,v震惊了一座座熏黑的教堂,v不幸兵士的长叹,v化成鲜血流下了宫墙。
vchimney-sweeper: a person whose job is to sweep the chimney; vcry: (old use) announce (goods etc.) for sale by calling out; vHapless: vblack’ning: blackening; vappall: deep shock; vhapless: unhappy, unfortunate; vBut most, through midnight streets I hear vHow the youthful harlot's curse vBlasts the new-born infant's tear, vAnd blights with plagues the marriage-hearse. v最怕是深夜的街头,v又听年轻妓女的诅咒!v它骇注了初生儿的眼泪, v又如同瘟疫,使婚车变成灵车。
vharlot: prostitute; v15 curse: word or words to express anger, hate, etc.; v16 blast: (used to express annoyance) damn; v17 blight: wither; v18 plague: any deadly infectious disease that spreads quickly and kills many people or animals; v19 hearse: a large car that carries the coffin at a funeral. v va I wander thro’ each charter’d street,vb Near where the charter’d Thames does flow,va And mark in every face I meetvb Marks of weakness, marks of woe.c In every cry of every Man,vd In every Infant’s cry of fear,vd In every voice, in every ban, vc The mind-forg’d manacles I hear.e How the Chimney-sweeper’s cryvf Every black’ning Church appalls;ve And the hapless Soldier’s sighvf Runs in blood down Palace walls.vd But most thro’ midnight streets I hearvg How the youthful Harlot’s cursevd Blasts the new born Infant’s tear,vg And blights with plagues the Marriage hearse. Figure of speech Parallelism In every cry of every Man, In every Infant’s cry of fear, In every voice, in every ban, Oxymoron And blights with plagues the Marriage hearse. Synecdoche Every blackening church appalls Runs in blood down palace-wallsFormvThe poem is a lyric. It has four stanzas, and every stanza has double rhyme. Each line has ten syllables. Repetition is the most striking formal feature of the poem, and it serves to emphasize the prevalence of the horrors the speaker describes.Subject mattervThe poem describes a journey around London, offering a glimpse of what the speaker sees as the terrible conditions faced by the inhabitants of the city. Child labour, restrictive laws of property and prostitution are all explored in the poem. The poem as a whole suggests Blake sees the rapid urbanisation in Britain at the time as a dangerous force. The poem is pessimistic. It is without hope for the future. Composed Upon Westminster Bridge vEarth has not anything to show more fair:Dull would he be of soul who could pass byA sight so touching in its majesty:This City now doth, like a garment, wearThe beauty of the morning; silent, bare,Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lieOpen unto the fields, and to the sky;All bright and glittering in the smokeless air.Never did sun more beautifully steepIn his first splendour, valley, rock, or hill;Ne'er saw I, never felt, a calm so deep!The river glideth at his own sweet will:Dear God! the very houses seem asleep;And all that mighty heart is lying still! vType of the poem:v Lyrics vSonnets:vPetrarchan sonnet formvRhythm scheme :vABBAABBA CDCDCD, as is fairly common for a Petrarchan sonnet.vThis scheme divides the poem into two: the first eight lines (octave) and the next six (sestet). Figure of speechvPersonificationvcity ---- "like a garment" vdescribing it as wearing the morning beauty vthe sun ---- "steep" vactions described by diction vcreates the image of sunlight slowly submerging into the Earth's splits Figure of speechvPersonificationvriver ---- described as having its "own sweet will" vhouses ----- personified by their description of being “asleep”vThese personifications help us to draw the conclusion that Wordsworth is considering a sleeping city as part of nature Figure of speechvParadox:v introduced through the image of dress, which the rhymes of the octave highlight: vthe city is fair (beautiful) because it wears "like a garment" the natural beauty of the morning; but wearing the beauty of the morning in fact means that the city is bare (naked): what it wears is just "the smokeless air". Figure of speechvParadox:vcarried over and developed further in the sestet. vThe city is now more beautiful and more alive than nature itself, but this is only so because it is steeped in the light of the sun and is thus deep asleep. The rhyming words steep – deep – asleep highlight these connections ThemevThe dominating theme in the poem is Nature. This reiterates(重申) his conviction that the city, at this particular point of day, does not clash with nature but becomes a part of it.vtransmits to the readers the calm and the tranquility(宁静)described in his poem. In Wordsworth's poem, it is the sight that emerges, while the hearing is absent. In Wordsworth's poem, London shows clean air and the sun illuminates the whole city comparisonLondon ,1802 ---William WordsworthvMilton! thou shouldst be living at this hour: 弥尔顿!今天,你应该活在世上;vEngland hath need of thee: she is a fen 英国需要你!它成了死水污池; Notes:shouldst=should hath=has fen:沼泽vOf stagnant waters: altar, sword, and pen,教会,弃笔的文人,仗剑的武士vFireside, the heroic wealth of hall and bower, v千家万户,豪门的绣阁华堂vNotes;bower:(中世纪的城堡中的贵妇人的)卧室vHave forfeited their ancient English dower断送了内心的安恬—古老的风尚vOf inward happiness. We are selfish men; 世风日下,我们 都汲汲营私vOh! raise us up, return to us again;哦!回来吧!快来把我们扶持,vAnd give us manners, virtue, freedom, power. 给我们良心、美德、自由、力量!vThy soul was like a star, and dwelt apart:你的灵魂像孤光自照的星辰vThou hadst a voice whose sound was like the sea: 你的声音像壮阔雄浑的大海vPure as the naked heavens, majestic, free,纯净如乌云的大海,雍容,自在,vSo didst thou travel on life's common way, 你在人生的寻常路途上行进vIn cheerful godliness; and yet thy heart怀着愉悦虔诚,你的心也肯vThe lowliest duties on herself did lay. 把最为低下的职责引为己任Analysisv"London, 1802" is a sonnet with a rhyme scheme of abbaabbacddece. The poem is written in the second person and addresses the late poet John Milton, who lived from 1608–1674 and is most famous for having written Paradise Lost vWordsworth begins the poem by wishing that Milton were still alive, for "England hath need of thee." This is because England has stagnated, its people selfish and unhappy, its splendor and power lost. But Milton could change all that. Milton could "raise us up, return to us again; / And give us manners, virtue, freedom, power."vIn the six subsequent lines (the sestet) following the first eight lines (the octave), Wordsworth explains why Milton could improve the English condition. vMilton's soul, he explains, was as bright and noble as a star and "dwelt apart" from the crowd, not feeling the urge to conform to norms. Milton's voice resembled "the sea", "pure as the naked heavens, majestic, free". vFurthermore, Milton never disdained the ordinary nature of life, but instead "travel on life's common way", remaining happy, pure (cheerful godliness), and humble (taking the "lowliest duties" on himself).ThemesvThe poem has two main purposes, one of which is to pay homage to Milton by saying that he can save the entirety of England with his nobility and virtue.vThe other purpose of the poem is to draw attention to what Wordsworth feels are the problems with English society.vAccording to Wordsworth, England was once a great place of happiness, religion, chivalry, art, and literature, but at the present moment those virtues have been lost. Wordsworth can only describe modern England as a swampland, where people are selfish and must be taught about things like "manners, virtue, freedom, power."vIn this poem, Wordsworth compliments Milton by comparing him to things found in nature, such as the stars, the sea, and "the heavens." For Wordsworth, being likened to nature is the highest compliment possible .LondonF.S.Flint London, my beautiful,it is not the sunsetnor the pale green skyshimmering through the curtainof the sliver birch,not the quietness; 伦敦,我美丽的城市伦敦,我美丽的城市 不是金色的夕阳,不是金色的夕阳, 也不是黄昏的天空,也不是黄昏的天空, 点点微光穿过银幕般的白桦林,点点微光穿过银幕般的白桦林,不是寂静;不是寂静;It is not the hopping of birdsupon the lawn,nor the darkness stealing over all thingsthat moves me. 不是草坪上跳跃的小鸟,不是草坪上跳跃的小鸟,也不是夜色的悄悄弥漫也不是夜色的悄悄弥漫感动我感动我But as the moon creeps slowlyOver the tree-topsAmong the stars,I think of herAnd the glow of her passing sheds of men. 而是当月儿悄悄而是当月儿悄悄爬上枝头爬上枝头与星星为伴,与星星为伴,我想起了她,我想起了她,和她经过时带给人们无限的光辉。
和她经过时带给人们无限的光辉London, my beautiful,I will climb into the branchesTo the moonlit tree-tops,That my blood may be cooledBy the wind. 伦敦,我美丽的城市伦敦,我美丽的城市我要爬上那高高的枝头,我要爬上那高高的枝头,同沐那明月的光辉,同沐那明月的光辉,或许我的热血会在清风中或许我的热血会在清风中慢慢冷却慢慢冷却 ImagismvDefinition: A literary movement launched by British and American poets early in the 20th century in reaction against Victorian sentimentalism that advocated the use of free verse, common speech patterns, and clear concrete images.vTime: The movement was flourished in the U.S and England between 1909 and 1917vLeaders: American poets Ezra Pound and Amy LowellMain Tenetsvto use the language of common speechvto employ the exact wordvto write poem in free verse to express a mood bettervto present an image (concrete, definite)vabsolute freedom in the choice of subjectvconcentration is of the very essence of poetry F. S. Flint’s “Imagism”Direct depiction of objects (images; form serves content)No useless words or phrases (without comment or explanation or exclamation, no descriptive language, even no verbs and conjuncts)Use of musical sentences instead of rhythmic beatsThank you!。

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