GRE经典背诵文选之一.doc

GRE经典背诵文选之一Thomas Hardy's impulses as a writer, all of which he indulged in his novels, were numerous and divergent, and they did not always work together in harmony. Hardy was to some degree (5)interested in exploring his characters' psycholo-gies, though impelled less by curiosity than bysympathy. Occasionally he felt the impulse to comedy (in all its detached coldness) as well asthe impulse to farce, but he was more often (10) inclined to see tragedy and record it. He was also inclined to literary realism in the severalsenses of that phrase. He wanted to describe ordinary human beings; he wanted to speculateon their dilemmas rationally (and, unfortu- (15) nately, even schematically); and he wanted to record precisely the material universe. Finally, he wanted to be more than a realist. He wanted to transcend what he considered to be the banality of solely recording things exactly and (20) to express as well his awareness of the occultand the strange . In his novels these various impulses were sacrificed to each other inevitably and often.inevitably, because Hardy did not care in the (25) way that novelists such as Flaubert or Jamescared, and therefore took path of least resistance. Thus, one impulse often surrenderedto a fresher one and, unfortunately, instead of exacting a compromise, simply disappeared. (30) A desire to throw over reality a light that neverwas might give way abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely thestructure and texture of a flower . In this (35) instance, the new impulses was at least anenergetic one, and thus its indulgence did notresult in a relaxed style. But on other occasionsHardy abandoned a perilous, risky, and highly energizing impulse in favor of what was for him (40) the fatally relaxing impulse to classify andschematize abstractly. When a relaxing impulsewas indulged, the style - that sure index of anauthor's literary worth - was certain to becomeverbose. Hardy's weakness derived from his (45) apparent inability to control the comings andgoings of these divergent impulses and from hisunwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones. He submitted to first one and then another, and the spirit blew where (50) it listed; hence the unevenness of any one of his novels. His most controlled novel, Under the Greenwood Tree, prominently exhibits two different but reconcilable impulses - a desire to be a realist-historian and a desire to be a (55) psychologist of love - but the slight interlock-ings of plot are not enough to bind the two completely together. Thus even this book splitsinto two distinct parts. (1) 作为一个作家，托马斯·哈代(Thomas Hardy)的创作冲动--在其小说中他全都沉缅于其中--显得多种多样，不尽相同，而这些创作冲动并未和谐协调地发挥作用。

(2) 在某些程度上，哈代感兴趣的是探索其笔下人物的诸般心理状态(psychology)，尽管与其说是出于好奇心的驱使，还不如说是受怜悯之心的支配 (3) 偶然地，他会感觉到喜剧(comedy)的创作冲动(以其全部的超然冷静)以及闹剧(farce)的创作冲动， (4) 但更经常地，他倾向于去观察人世间的悲剧(tragedy)并将其记录下来 (5) 他亦倾向于文学现实主义(literary realism)--是从该名词短语的若干层含意来理解的 ( 6) 他意欲描绘普通人； (7) 他意欲理性地对其困境作出思辩(且不幸得很，甚至按先验图式的手法来进行)； (8) 他意欲精确无误地记录物质宇宙 (9) 最后，他并不希冀成为一个纯粹的现实主义作家他意欲超越他所认为的那种一味追求毫厘不爽地记录事物的平庸做法，并表达他对超自然之物(the occult)和怪异之物(the strange)的意识10) 在其小说中，这些不尽相同的创作冲动不可避免地且经常性地彼此间互为牺牲 (11) 之所以不可避免，这是因为哈代没能以福楼拜(Flaubert)和詹姆斯(James)一类小说家审慎行事的那种方式来审慎行事，因此他选择了那些最没有阻力的创作道路。

(12) 这样，一种创作冲动经常会屈从于一种较新的创作冲动，而令人遗憾的是，原先的那个创作冲动非但无法与新出现的那个创作冲动达成一种妥善协调，反而会消失得全无踪影 (13) 一种从不曾得以实现的揭示现实的欲望，很有可能会突如其来地让位于另一种欲望，这就是一个我们可不妨将其视作小说家兼科学家的那种欲望，去精确无误地和具体地记录一朵花的结构和构造特征 (14) 在此情形中，新的创作冲动至少不失为一充满生机活力的创作冲动，故作家沉缅于其中并不会造成一种松散的作品风格 (15) 但在其它场合，哈代会抛弃一种充满风险的、冒险的、和极能赋予作品以生机活力的创作冲动，转而偏爱那种对他来说甚为致命的、松散的创作冲动，去抽象地进行分类和按先验图式表述 (16) 当一种松散的创作冲动被沉缅于其中时，作品的风格--作家文学价值的那种可靠稳妥的标志--注定会变得冗长罗嗦 (17) 哈代的缺陷一方面缘起于他的某种明显的无能，无法控制好那些不尽相同的创作冲动的穿梭往来；另一方面缘起于他不愿意去培养和维持那些富于生机活力和风险性强的创作冲动 (18) 他委身于第一种创作冲动，接下来又委身于另一种创作冲动，而创作灵感则随心所欲地飘忽不定；因此，他的任何一部小说均显得参差不齐，高低不一。

(19) 他最有控制的小说《绿荫下》(Under the Greenwood Tree)显著地展现出两种全然不同但仍可调和的创作冲动--要成为现实主义作家兼史学家的那种欲望以及要成为爱情心理学家的欲望--但小说情节过于微弱的互相衔接不足于将这两种创作冲动全然融为一体 (20) 因此，即使这部作品也分裂成为两个缺乏有机联系的部分词汇·词组·短语 impulse: n.1.推动(作用)，驱使，冲力(作用) 2.冲动 3.建议，怂勇indulge (in): v.1.使(自己)沉溺(于)，肆意从事 2.纵容，迁就divergent: a.1.分叉的 2.有分歧的，不同的 3.偏离的work together in harmony: 与…协调一致起作用psychology: n.1.心理学 2.行为科学 3.心理学著作impel: v.1.推动，推进 2.激励，驱策，迫使comedy: n.1.喜剧 2.有喜剧性主题的文学作品 3.喜剧性，喜剧成分detached: a.1.独立的，分离的，不连接的 2.公正的，超然的 3.淡漠的farce: n.1.闹剧，滑稽戏 2.滑稽，幽默 3.可笑的行为(或情景)be inclined to: 倾向于…的；赞成…的in the sense of: 从…意义上来说phrase: n.1.话语，用语，说法 2.〔语〕短语，词组 3.简洁的语句，警句speculate (on): v.1.思索；沉思默想；玄想 2.推测，推断dilemma: n.1.(进退两难)窘境 2.〔逻〕二难推理rational: a.1.理性的，理智的 2.基于理性的，合理的schema: n.1.图表；略图 2.纲要，计划schematic: a.1.图表的；略图的 2.纲要的，计划的 3.〔哲〕先验图式的schematize: v.1.把…图式化 2.将…列入计划，对…作系统性组合transcend: v.1.超出，超越 2.胜过，优于 3.〔哲〕〔宗〕超然存在之外banality: n.陈腐，平庸，乏味solely: adv.1.单独的；唯一的 2.仅仅，只occult: a.1.难以理解的，奥秘的 2.超自然的，神秘的 3.秘密的sacrifice (to): v.1.献祭 2.作牺牲inevitably: adv.1.。