英国人的姓名.ppt

A Few Words on English NameBrief Introduction of English Name In the ancient British, people only In the ancient British, people only have a name orhave a name or nickname nickname. Everybody’s name . Everybody’s name or nickname just own to or nickname just own to himself or herselfhimself or herself. . That is to say, their names couldn’t be That is to say, their names couldn’t be caught on by their children and caught on by their children and grandchildren. grandchildren. However, English used the However, English used the surname surname after the invading of Germanic people. The after the invading of Germanic people. The Germanic people brought their surname Germanic people brought their surname culture into the England, when conquered culture into the England, when conquered their land.their land. Just as our Chinese ancient surname, British surname was tightly linked with feudal system and patriarch system（父系社会）. Only did the noble have right to own surnames, while the common did not. But as time went by, the surname was went down to the common so that everybody has their surname nowadays. It is worth pointing that British name was largely effected by the Germanic people.Contents1.The form of English name2.The origin of English name3.The presentation of relationship and occupation by surname.1.The form of English name The English Name =Christian name+(Middle name)+Surname Examples: Harry James Potter William Shakespeare The middle name is second name. This The middle name is second name. This is given by kid’s parent , gis given by kid’s parent , grandrandfather father or gor grandrandmother. Not all people have mother. Not all people have their second name, some people haven’t. their second name, some people haven’t. Before the Germanic people invading Before the Germanic people invading EnglandEngland，，English people did not have the English people did not have the second name, and they started to use it second name, and they started to use it in the 19th century .in the 19th century . The third part is surname or last name, family name. The family name is inherited from the clan. But when girls marry their husbands, they will change their former family name into their husband's family name. Like our Chinese ,some British also have compound surname. In addition to these three parts of name, British also have nickname, pet-name（昵称、爱称）, and by name(绰号）.2.The origin of English name1). The surname ：① the name of places, residences or cities，colorFor example： "Sheffeild" comes from the "Sheffeild Park "in Sussex County, Kent comes from Kent County. ②the name of mountain, river or spring water such as, Bedwell, Cliff, and Greenhill. These surnames imply that their ancestors once lived by cliffs, rivers or mountains.u ③ the living positions in their villages of their ancestors as their surname. For instance , Western, Eastern ,and Northern. But if somebody’s surname is West ,East ,North or South, that means he comes from the west ,or east in their country. ④ named after nationalities.E,g Scott, Kentis or Frank ⑤Using occupations and official position as surnames Steward –an officer in loyal household(皇家管家）Marshall（元帅） Butler（男管家） Chambers（贵族管家）Coward（放牛人） Smith（铁匠） stringer（制绳匠） Some people would like to use the name of figures or saints in Bible as surnames， such as, Adam, Eva, Clement or Solomen. The color and the name of animals and plants also are used as names.⑥ ColorE,g. Green， White， Black， BrownThe presentation of relationship and occupation by surname1)Suffix “-son”2) It shows the relationship of father and son, such as, Johnson, Robinson and Stevenson.Johnson, Robinson and Stevenson.3)2)Prefix “Mac-,O’- or Fits-”4) “Mac-” often put in front of father’s name, which means the son of the father, for example, Mac DonaldMac Donald ,and this is more popular with Irish and Scottish. The “Mac-” can be abbreviated(缩略) “Mc-” or “M-”. 5)“O’-” is used in front of Irish name, which also reveals “the son of …”. O’Brien, O’Henry ,O’Nell and so on.4) Suffix “-smith”（铁匠）It shows what work the man does. Silversmith, Coppersmith, Brownsmith, Greensmith and Whitesmith5)Suffix “-wright”(木匠）It also shows the work what the man does.Oldwright, Goodwright and Whitewright.Shipwright.The first nameChristian nameGiven nameThe second nameMiddle nameThe last nameFamily namepet name nicknameCandice– Candy Nicolas—Nick Alexander-- AlexInitialMr. John Smith – Mr. J. SmithSaint George – St. GeorgePseudonymWilliam Sydney Porter --- O. HenrySamuel Langhorne Clemens--- Mark Twain。